绿色技术创新对能源效率的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Green Technology Innovation on Energy Efficiency

绿色技术创新已成为经济转型与绿色发展的重要支撑。本文基于2007一2019年全国城市层面的面板数据,系统考察了绿色技术创新对能源效率的本地效应和空间溢出效应,并分析了结构优化与要素配置的影响机制以及政府环境监管的调节机制。研究发现,绿色技术创新与能源效率之间存在非线性的动态关系,表现为低创新水平时的抑制作用和高创新水平时的促进作用。在空间效应方面,区域内整体绿色技术创新水平较低时会产生“虹吸效应”,当城市间创新水平普遍提升后,绿色技术创新能够对能源效率产生正向的空间溢出效应。进一步分析发现,绿色技术创新主要通过结构优化效应和要素配置效应两种机制影响能源效率;适度的命令控制型环境监管有利于绿色技术创新对能源效率产生促进作用,监管强度过高时反而会有阻碍作用,而市场激励型环境监管方式越完善,所产生的监管效能越大。由此,本文从加强城际环境政策协调、增强绿色技术核心城市的创新策源能力、选择适当的环境监管手段等方面提出政策启示,以期为我国城市绿色协同发展提供经验参考和依据。

China has entered a new stage of development where improving the quality of economic development and promoting coordinated regional development become the themes of socioeconomic development,and the transition to the green development model is crucial to high-quality economic development.As an important part of technological innovation,green technology innovation is a key factor in improving energy efficiency and transforming the model of economic development.Although existing literature has discussed the multifaceted impact of technological innovation on energy efficiency,no consensus has been reached,and the specific working mechanisms and spatial effects of green technology innovation on energy efficiency have not been clearly portrayed.In addition,which type of environmental regulation can improve energy efficiency and promote high-quality economic development simultaneously is also a practical issue that deserves in-depth study.Based on the city-level panel data from 2007 to 2019,this paper finds a non-linear dynamic relationship between green technology innovation and energy efficiency,which is characterized by the inhibitory effect when the innovation level is low and the promotional effect when the innovation level is high.In terms of spatial effect,when a region's overall green technology innovation level is low,there is a"siphoning effect";when the level of innovation is generally improved,green technology innovation will have a positive spatial spillover effect on energy efficiency.Further analysis reveals that green technology innovation mainly affects energy efficiency through two mechanisms:the structural optimization effect and the factor allocation effect.Moderate command-and-control environmental regulation is conducive to improving energy efficiency through green technology innovation,while excessive regulatory intensity will have a hindering effect.The better the market-incentive environmental regulation is,the greater the regulatory effectiveness.The possible contribution of this paper is as follows.First,it analyzes the dynamic relationship between green technology innovation and energy efficiency,which is"inhibitory first and then promotional",and further analyzes the working mechanism to find out the reasons for this non-linear relationship.Secondly,a dynamic perspective is added to the analysis of spatial effects,and both the""siphon effect"and the"positive spillover effect"are explored,reflecting the importance of a balanced economic development level in promoting regional green synergistic development.Thirdly,it explores the differences between command-and-control and market-incentive environmental regulation under different regulatory intensities,and distinguishes the boundaries of different types of environmental regulatory policies.The policy implications are as follows.(1)The government should improve the efficiency of green technology innovation and facilitate their diffusion among cities through cooperation,and emphasize intercity environmental policy coordination.(2)The government should enhance core cities'innovation capacity in green technology,and promote the optimization of the industrial structure and the energy consumption structure as well as the rational allocation of production factors.(3)The government should choose the optimal environmental regulatory policies and rationally utilize environmental regulatory tools.