资本主义现代化的生态困境与中国式现代化的超越——基于“生产方式”的研究视角

The Ecological Dilemma of Capitalist Modernization and the Transcendence of Chinese Modernization:A Research Perspective Based on the"Mode of Production"

唯物史观关于自然、人与社会相互关系的本质规定,要求对于资本主义现代化生态困境的剖析必须透过人与自然关系紧张与恶化的表象,看到人与人、人与社会关系的根本作用,进而坚持“生产方式”的研究视角。由此,考察资本主义生产方式与现代化生态困境的内在联系时,既要看到生产力的巨幅跃升为人类改造与征服自然所提供的前提条件,也不能忽视以资本为主导的异化生产关系在人与自然关系恶化过程中所造成的必然影响。这种植根于资本主义内在矛盾的现代化生态困境,是资本主义国家无法通过自身调适克服的,现代资本主义的历史限度恰恰表现为它的自然维度。中国式现代化坚持把“满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要”作为社会生产的出发点和落脚点,同时立足于“两山理论”坚定不移走生态优先、绿色低碳的发展道路,秉持系统的生态治理观将生态法治与生态德治有机结合,破解了现代化与生态文明协同共进“何以可能”以及“如何可能”的历史性难题,实现了对资本主义现代化的生态超越。

The essential regulation of the mutual relationship between nature,man and society requires that the analysis of the modern ecological dilemma must see the fundamental role of the relationship between man and society through the appearance of the tension and deterioration of the relationship between man and nature,and then start from the research perspective of the overall mode of production.In examining the internal connection between the capitalist mode of production and the ecological crisis,we should see not only the tremendous rise of the productive forces for human conquest and destruction of nature,but also the inevitable impact of capital-dominated alienated relations of production on the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature.This modern ecological dilemma,rooted in the internal contradictions of capitalism,cannot be overcome by capitalist countries through their own adjustment.The historical limits of modern capitalism manifest themselves precisely in its natural dimension.China's modernization,based on public ownership of the basic economic system,adheres to meeting the people's growing needs for a good life as the starting point and foothold of production.It also takes the road of ecological priority and green development based on the"two mountains"theory,unswervingly adhering to a systematic concept of ecological governance and organically integrating ecological rule of law with ecological moral governance.In doing so,China cracks the historical problem of""why possible"and"how possible"for modernization and ecological civilization together,realizing the ecological transcendence of capitalism.