数字经济的就业效应:研究进展与分析框架

The Employment Impact of the Digital Economy:Research Progress and Analytical Framework

数字经济的蓬勃发展对劳动力市场形成巨大冲击,但相关理论研究尚未形成体系,难以准确刻画数字经济对就业的影响机制及效应。文章将“就业规模—就业结构—就业质量”与“就业机会—就业行为—就业决策”分别作为主线、支线,构建了数字经济就业效应的分析框架;其后,从就业规模、就业结构、就业质量、就业保障四个维度对相关研究进行系统梳理,并归纳其逻辑链条以验证上述分析框架。研究表明:数字经济通过就业机会和就业决策对就业规模产生影响,并在确保一定就业规模的前提下,通过优化就业结构来提升总体就业质量。数字经济对就业结构的影响涵盖产业结构、技能结构、年龄结构和区域结构等多个层面,需要差异化的就业保障政策以适应不同就业形态。为推进数字经济时代的就业效应研究进路,应拓展数字经济对就业心理、对就业的作用机理、对就业的综合影响等方面的研究,为促进高质量充分就业提供学理支撑和政策参考。

The rapid development of the digital economy has had a significant impact on the labor market,but the related theoretical research has not been systematic,making it difficult to accurately describe the impact mechanisms and employment effects.This paper constructs an analytical framework for examining the employment effects of the digital economy,taking"employment scale-employment structure-employment quality"and"employment opportunity-employment behavior-employment decision"as the main dimensions.Based on this framework,the paper systematically reviews the relevant research progress across four key dimensions:employment scale,employment structure,employment quality,and employment security.It summarizes the logical chains underlying the digital economy's influence on these aspects of employment.The research shows that,while ensuring a certain employment scale,the digital economy influences employment scale through employment opportunities and employment decisions,and improves overall employment quality by optimizing the employment structure.The digital economy's impact on employment structure includes changes in industrial structure,qualification structure,age structure,and regional structure,requiring dfferentiated employment security policies to adapt to diverse forms of employment.To promote research on the employment impact of the digital economy,the paper suggests expanding studies on employment psychology,the mechanisms of the digital economy,and the comprehensive effects on employment.This can provide theoretical support and policy references for achieving high-quality employment in China.