起动机电磁开关结构分析与优化研究

Research on Analysis and Optimization of the Solenoid Switch Structure in Starters

电磁开关是汽车起动机的关键部件之一,研究表明电磁开关的电接触结构存在熔焊失效的风险,是限制起动机寿命的重要因素之一。本文利用Simscape平台对电磁开关电接触结构进行参数灵敏度分析,从优化叠簧刚度的角度入手,提出采用波形弹簧的电磁开关结构,通过在LS-Dyna软件上进行有限元分析,波形弹簧结构能够有效缓冲电接触部位的振动,并能有效减少电接触部位电弧的发生,从而提高抗熔焊性。

The solenoid switch is one of the key components of an automotive starter,studies have shown that the electrocontact structure of the solenoid switch has a risk of welding failure,which is one of the important reasons limiting the starter's lifetime.This paper utilizes the Simscape platform to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis on the electrocontact structure of the solenoid switch.Starting from the perspective of optimizing the stack spring stiffness,this study proposes an solenoid switch structure using wave springs.Finite element analysis conducted in LS-Dyna software demonstrates that the wave spring structure can effectively cushion vibrations at the electrocontact point and significantly reduce the electrical arc,thereby enhancing the anti-welding performance.