人工智能在公共卫生领域研发应用的伦理思考

Ethical considerations on the development and application of artificial intelligence in public health

随着数字技术的发展,越来越多的人工智能(AI)技术应用于公共卫生领域,有效提高了卫生系统的运作效率。然而,该技术的发展也带来一系列的伦理风险。本文通过对国内外9个数据库进行文献检索,对AI在公共卫生领域内的伦理问题进行了系统整理,最终纳入158篇文献。对纳入的文献进行分析,将伦理问题从数据、算法、权责和社会影响这4个方面进行归纳梳理,形成15个主要问题点,其中隐私保密、知情同意、数据安全、公平正义与包容问题最为突出。AI在公共卫生领域所面临的伦理问题不容忽视,应制定该领域内AI的伦理准则实践指南,建立健全监管和审查机制,从而确保AI在公共卫生领域的良性发展。

With the development of digital technology,an increasing number of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies are being applied in the field of public health,significantly improving the efficiency of healthcare systems.However,such technological advancement also introduces a series of ethical risks.In this article,we conducted a systematic review by searching nine domestic and international databases and analyzing the ethical issues related to AI in public health,ultimately including 158 articles.Based on the analysis of the included literature,ethical risks were categorized into four aspects:data,algorithms,rights and responsibilities,and social impact.A total of 15 key issues were identified,among which privacy and confidentiality,informed consent,data security,and fairness,justice and inclusion emerged as the most prominent issues.The ethical challenges posed by AI in the field of public health cannot be ignored,and it is necessary to formulate ethical guidelines and practical recommendations for AI in this field,establish sound regulatory and review mechanisms,thereby ensuring the healthy development of AI research in public health.