个人信息数据财产化及其确权授权模式构建

Propertilization of Personal Information Data,Rights Confirmation and Authorization

个人信息数据确权授权若适用传统人格标识财产化模式,要么导致基础权益错配,要么造成流转效用受阻。通过对财产价值溯源可以发现,个人信息存在原始数据、数据集合、衍生数据三种形态。原始数据非对人“有用的财物”,不构成财产权客体,但因其是个人信息的比特化表达,所以在数字空间中,个人信息权需以其为行权媒介;而数据集合与衍生数据则是数据财产权客体。数据三形态厘清了个人信息权、个人信息数据使用权及数据财产权的差序格局。个人信息数据的商业利用以个人信息权为基础,基于人格自决形成以信息主体同意为路径的许可机制。同意为准法律行为,许可生成低自由度的个人信息数据使用权,该权区别于处理者的数据财产权,需引入告知允诺之债和法定信义义务,以保护信息主体在同意许可中的信赖。

Applying the traditional theory of personality propertilization to personal information,will either result in a mis-match of rights assignment or hinder the effectiveness of the authorization mechanism.Through property value tracing,it reveals that personal information exists in three forms:original data,data of collection,and derivative data.The original data with per-sonal information is of little use,which makes it unsuitable as an object of property rights.On the contrary,the assembled data with personal information is adequate to be property.The same as the derivative form.The categorization of personal information data clarifies the relationship between personal information rights,information use rights and data property rights.Personal infor-mation rights are the legal base for commercializing personal information data so that we can apply the licensing mechanism based on the consent of the individual born in personality self-determination.The nature of consent is a quasi-legal act,which gener-ates the right to use personal information with a low degree of freedom.This kind of rights is different from data property rights,and it is necessary to introduce the claim of notification/promise and statutory fiduciary obligations to protect the consent of the in-dividual.Consent rooting in personal information rights affirms the positive freedom of commercial use of personal information,justifies the commercial license of personal information,and supports the parallel development of personal information,but avoids the absolute nature of“domination over objects”,denies the exclusiveness of licensing,and reveals the illegality of infring-ing data property rights.This rights-confirming and authorizing model is conducive to promoting data sharing and stabilizing the production order.