围产期奶牛生理调控与饲养管理

Physiological Regulation and Feeding Management of Periparturient Dairy Cows

围产期奶牛受多方面因素的调控,由于生理、日粮、环境和管理等多重因素的变化,奶牛易发生能量负平衡和免疫抑制,进而引发各种疾病,导致养殖效益下降。本文基于近年来的相关研究,对围产期奶牛在能量、激素、维生素与矿物质、细胞因子等方面的变化规律进行综述。发现这一时期奶牛血糖、胰岛素、脂肪、氨基酸等关键物质呈现出有序而规律性的动态变化,生殖激素和其他激素也表现出显著波动,维生素和矿物质的需求发生显著调整。鉴于这些复杂的生理变化,为围产期奶牛的饲养管理提供合理建议对防控奶牛能量代谢紊乱、改善乳品质量、提高奶牛生产效益至关重要。

Periparturient cows undergo intricate regulation influenced by multifaceted factors.Owing to alterations in physiology,diet,environment,and management practices,these cows become predisposed to negative energy balance and immunosuppression,potentially culminating in various diseases and a reduction in reproductive efficiency.Drawing upon recent research,this article systematically examines the nuanced alterations in energy dynamics,hormonal profiles,as well as vitamin and mineral levels,and cytokine patterns within periparturient cows.The investigation reveals that pivotal components such as blood glucose,insulin,fat,and amino acids undergo systematic and rhythmic changes during this critical period for dairy cows.Furthermore,reproductive hormones and other regulatory factors exhibit marked fluctuations.Additionally,there are noteworthy adjustments in the requirements for vitamins and minerals.Given the intricacy of these physiological transformations,it becomes imperative to offer well-founded recommendations for the dietary management of periparturient cows.This not only aids in averting and managing energy metabolism disorders but also contributes to the enhancement of milk quality and the amplification of overall production efficiency in dairy cows.