猫上呼吸道疾病的病原、诊断与防治

Pathogens,Diagnosis,and Prevention of Upper Respiratory Diseases in Cats

猫上呼吸道疾病(feline upper respiratory tract disease, FURTD)是一种在猫中广泛传播的以上呼吸道、口腔和眼部症状为主的疾病。引起FURTD的病原多样,除常见的猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus, FCV)、猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(feline herpesvirus type 1,FHV-1)、猫衣原体(Chlamydia felis,C.felis)、猫支原体(Mycoplasma felis,M.felis)、支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb)外,临床中还有许多其他的病原偶见感染。临床中常出现由多种病原体混合感染的情况,并且病原的不断进化容易造成致病性的增强和组织嗜性的改变,这种病因的复杂性往往使得FURTD的防治较为困难。同时,由于许多病原感染引起猫的症状相似,仅凭临床症状无法准确判断出病因,准确认识不同病原的特性、掌握不同的病原检测方法对FURTD的病因快速诊断和提出高效的治疗方案至关重要。目前,不同病原引起的FURTD病例常被报道,而针对FURTD的诊断方法、治疗以及疫苗研制都尚未成熟,本文将对该疾病的常见和新发病原、诊断方法、治疗手段和防控措施进行系统地阐述,旨在为FURTD的防治工作提供更多的思路。

Feline upper respiratory disease(FURTD)is widely spread in cats,characterized by upper respiratory,oral,and eyes symptoms.There are various pathogens caused FURTD.Except for common pathogens such as feline calicivirus(FCV),feline herpesvirus type 1(FHV-1),Chlamydia felis(C.felis),Mycoplasma felis(M.felis),and Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb),there are still many other sporadic infections in clinical practice.Clinically,there are often cases of co-infection by multiple pathogens,and the continuous evolution easily leads to the increased pathogenicity and changes of tissue tropism.The complexity of this etiology often makes the prevention and treatment of FURTD more difficult.Meanwhile,due to the similar symptoms caused by many pathogenic infections in cats,it is not possible to accurately determine the cause of the case solely based on clinical symptoms.To understand the characteristics of different pathogens and master detection methods specific for different pathogens are important to rapidly diagnose and provide efficient treatment strategies specific for FURTD.At present,lots of cases of FURTD caused by different pathogens are reported frequently.The diagnostic methods,treatments,and vaccine development for FURTD haven′t been yet mature.Here,this article will systematically clarify the FURTD-associated emerging and remerging pathogens,diagnostic methods,treatment methods,and prevention and control measures,aiming to provide more ideas for the prevention and treatment of FURTD.