“真理”与“效用”:福柯论自由主义治理技艺

“Truth”and“Utility”:On the Art of Liberal Governance by Foucault

福柯在《生命政治的诞生》中从治理术角度对自由主义进行了深刻剖析。自由主义治理技艺的三种表现分别是市场的真言化、以效用为依据的内在限制以及欧洲对国际格局的新构想,其中政治经济学作为某种知识体系、真理体制发挥着重要作用。自由主义治理技艺的历史后果主要有二:一是产生了“危险安全”的双重结构和“控制自由”的矛盾结构,二是使自由主义与规训技术相结合。就生命政治与自由主义的关系看,正是自由主义对人口问题的新见解,才产生了现代意义上的主流的生命政治,而生命政治与自由主义的结合亦构成了当代西方政治实践的重要特征。

In The Birth of Biopolitics,Foucault profoundly analyzes liberalism from the perspective of governmentality.The three manifestations of art of liberal governance are the veridiction of the market,the inherent limitation based on utility,and Europe's new vision of the international pattern,in which political economy plays an important role as a system of knowledge and a regime of truth.The art of liberal governance historically results in the emergence of a dual structure of“danger-safety”and a contradictory structure of“control-freedom”,as well as the integration of liberalism and disciplinary techniques.In terms of the relationship between biopolitics and liberalism,it is liberalism's new understanding of population that has led to the dominant biopolitics in a modern sense,and the combination of biopolitics and liberalism also constitutes an important feature of contemporary Western political practices.