美国教师家校合作能力职前培养体系探析与经验借鉴

Analysis and Experience Reference of American Teachers’Home-school Cooperation Competency Pre-service Training System

教师家校合作能力职前培养对推进家校合作具有重要意义,美国较早关注了教师家校合作能力职前培养,在发展中逐渐形成了完善的职前培养体系。在厘清美国教师家校合作能力职前培养体系发展背景的基础上,探析其体系中家校合作专业价值观、专业知识与技能、实践经验等三大培养内容,以及其政策标准配套完善、培养课程多元丰富、政校家社联动发力、能力培养路径通畅的体系特点。以美国职前培养经验为借鉴,对推动我国教师教育改革提出针对性策略:加强顶层设计,搭建职前培养支持系统;引导高校就位,开发职前培养课程体系;探讨经验适用,推进职前培养本土构建;完善发展机制,融通教师能力提升路径。

Pre-service training on teachers’home-school cooperation competency is of great significance for optimizing home-school cooperation.The United States has long recognized the importance of such training,gradually developing a comprehensive training system.Building upon the development background of the pre-service training system for home-school cooperation in the United States,this paper analyzes the three major training contents within the system:professional values of home-school cooperation,professional knowledge and skills,and practical experience.It also highlights the system’s characteristics,including well-established supporting policies and standards,diverse training curriculum,collaborative efforts among government,school,family and communities,and clear pathways for capacity building.Drawing on the practical experience of America,targeted strategies are proposed to promote reforms in teacher education in China:strengthening top-level design to establish support systems for pre-service training;guiding universities to develop pre-service training curriculum systems;exploring applicable experiences to promote localized pre-service training;and enhancing long-term development mechanisms to integrate pathways for teacher’s capacity building.