面向生态价值空间平衡的“生态券”理论解析与交易机制研究:以江阴为例

Theoretical analysis and trading mechanism of“ecological vouchers”for spatial balance of ecological value:a case study of Jiangyin

随着生态文明建设的持续深化,生态产品价值实现日益成为践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的有形抓手。为探究生态产品价值可持续提升的有效路径,通过构建以“生态券”为载体的生态指标交易机制,探讨多元主体参与下生态价值与发展空间之间的平衡关系。结果表明:(1)“生态券”是生态空间占补平衡市场化交易的媒介,可基于生态系统服务功能价值核算得到,具有可交易、可考核的基本特性;(2)“生态券”交易是多元空间价值平衡的实践探索,不同利益主体通过市场化交易方式,最终实现土地资源空间优化配置;(3)“生态券”运行机制包括产生、核发、交易、使用、管理等环节,涉及行政主管方、销售方和购买方等市场主体以及中介经济机构等。建议从供给和需求角度明确分工协作制度,基于政策法规、技术规范和监督管理体系构建“生态券”运行保障机制。研究结果将为丰富生态产品价值实现路径和推动生态经济健康发展提供参考。

Background,aim,and scope As the construction of ecological civilization continues to deepen,the realization of ecological product value has increasingly become a tangible grip for practicing the concept of“Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”.However,the externality and carrier dependence of ecological products have made it difficult to establish a market-oriented trading mechanism for the realization of ecological products in practice.The establishment of an eco-voucher trading system,to a certain extent,opens up the channel of transforming public ecological resources to market economic value,and it realizes the transformation from area balance to value balance in the development and use of ecological products.The construction of ecological land occupation and compensation balance mechanism based on“ecological vouchers”is an important exploration of the“Two Mountains Theory”.Jiangyin City,with its superior resource environment and geographic location,has achieved remarkable results in the construction of ecological civilization,and at the same time,it has a well-developed economy,which makes it a pilot area for the mechanism of realizing the value of ecological products in Jiangsu Province.Materials and methods To explore the effective path for sustainable enhancement of ecological product value,this paper constructed an ecological index trading mechanism with“ecological coupons”as the carrier,and it explored the balance between ecological value and development space with the participation of multiple subjects.Results The results showed that the“ecological vouchers”could be obtained based on the value of ecosystem service functions and had the basic characteristics of being tradable and assessable.The“ecological vouchers”trading was a practice of balancing the value of multiple spaces.The operation mechanism of“ecological vouchers”included generation,issuance,trading,use and management,involving market entities such as administrative authorities,sellers,and buyers,as well as intermediary economic institutions.Discussion Ecological vouchers were essentially the property rights embodiment of ecological value.The total amount of ecological product value of the supply and demand sides unchanged was the premise of the“ecological vouchers”.The overall logic of“ecological vouchers”trading is to ensure that the value of ecological products in the region does not diminish,so as to achieve a balance in the value of ecological products and ensure regional ecological security.On the supply side,changes in the value of ecological products are mainly determined through ecological product-based period surveys and regular monitoring of ecological products.After the conversion of ecologically valued land use types to construction land,it is necessary to account for the reduction in the ecological value of the land parcel as well as the number of ecological vouchers that need to be purchased.Land use right bidders purchase“ecological vouchers”according to the allocation requirements as the demand side of“ecological vouchers”.The conversion of“ecological vouchers”between different land types is a key part of“ecological vouchers”accounting.The number of ecological vouchers could be obtained by measuring the value of ecological products per unit area of ecological land.The total value of“ecological vouchers”for Jiangyin’s land along the river was 15.4272 million yuan.The exploration of the trading mechanism of“ecological vouchers”and the measurement of the value of“ecological vouchers”are the innovations of this study.Conclusions It is stipulated that the value of ecological regulation services generated by per unit area(667 m^(2))of woodland was a standard“ecological voucher”,and that different ecological land could be converted into“ecological vouchers”based on changes in the value of ecosystem regulation services.The administrative authority was responsible for the approval and supervision of ecological vouchers transactions.Market players were involved in the whole process of supply and demand transactions of“ecological vouchers”.Recommendations and perspectives It is recommended to clarify the division oflabor and collaboration system from the supply and demand perspectives,and to build a guarantee mechanism for the operation of ecological vouchers based on policies and regulations,technical specifications and supervision and management system.The research results will provide a reference for enriching the path of ecological product value realization and promoting the healthy development of the ecological economy.