论北朝家训的创作及其儒学意蕴

On the Creation and Confucianism Implication of Family Instructions in the Northern Dynasty

家训作为一种特殊应用文体,在中国古代有着深厚的根基和悠久的历史。具体到少数民族统治下的北朝家训,其变化与发展又具有鲜明的地域和时代特征,既缘生于聚族而居的生活方式对礼法制度规范的渴求,也脱胎于动荡难安的政权所催生的士族保家安族的心态。北朝家训在教子立身方面注重个人品德修养的锤炼,在睦亲治家方面注重家庭伦理秩序的建立,其自身所蕴含的丰富的儒学思想,进一步推动了家训在基层社会的普及,巩固并夯实了社会统治的思想基础。如若通过汲取与剔除、继承与扬弃,完成批判性的当代价值转换,则又可以发掘其现代意义。

As a special applied style,the family instructions have a deep foundation and a long history in ancient China.As the family instructions of the Northern Dynasty under the rule of ethnic minorities are concerned,their changes and development also present distinctive regional and epochal characteristics,derived not only from the desire of the living style of gathering ethnic groups for the norms of the etiquette and law system,but also from the mentality of the gentry to protect their families and secure their families,which was fostered by the turbulent and uneasy regime.The family instructions of the Northern Dynasty focused on the cultivation of personal morality in the aspect of teaching children,and the establishment of family ethical order in the aspect of family governance.The rich Confucianism thought contained in the family instructions further promoted the popularization of family instructions in the grass-roots society,consolidated and tamped the ideological foundation of social governance.With critical transformation of contemporary value by absorbing and eliminating,inheriting and sublating,modern significance of the family instructions of the Northern Dynasty can be explored.