基于压电材料的主动吸声仿真方法研究

Comparative Simulation Study of Active Sound Absorption Based on Piezoelectric Materials

主动控制仿真软件很少,大部分控制问题都采用MATLAB自编程进行计算或搭建试验台进行试验,前者仿真结果不可靠,后者需要消耗大量的经费。针对这种问题,该文采用一种新的仿真方法,对圆形和方形压电陶瓷片的主动吸声降噪性能进行对比研究。仿真步骤分三步。第一步,在ANSYS动态分析中获取压电陶瓷片前的两个聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)压电传感器在当前载荷步下产生的声压和质点振动速度。第二步,将第一步得到的声压和质点振动速度信号导入MATLAB,分离入射声波和反射声波,利用MATLAB自带的最优控制算法计算出需要施加的控制电压。第三步,在ANSYS中将MATLAB计算出的控制电压施加到压电陶瓷片的两端,再次进行动态分析,得到下一个载荷步的两个PVDF压电传感器产生的电压。重复以上三个步骤,就可以模拟出压电陶瓷片的主动吸声控制过程。仿真试验得到了施加在不同形状压电材料上的驱动电压与频率的关系,仿真结果与理论计算结果接近。仿真试验结果表明,在表面积相同的情况下,与方形压电陶瓷片相比,圆形压电陶瓷片的吸声降噪效果更显著。

Active control simulation software is scarce,and most control problems are either computed using MATLAB programming or conducted through experimental setups.The former often yields unreliable simulation results,while the latter requires substantial financial resources.To address this issue,this article presents a new simulation method for comparing the active sound absorption and noise reduction performance of circular and square piezoelectric ceramic plates.The simulation method involves three steps.Firstly,ANSYS dynamic analysis is used to obtain the voltage generated by two polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)piezoelectric sensors on the piezoelectric ceramic plates under the current load step and separate the sound pressure and particle vibration velocity.Secondly,the sound pressure and particle velocity signals obtained in the first step are imported into MATLAB to separate the incident and reflected sound waves,and the optimal control algorithm in MATLAB is used to calculate the driving voltage to be applied.Thirdly,the driving voltage calculated by MATLAB is applied to both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic plates in ANSYS,and dynamic analysis is performed again to obtain the voltage generated by two PVDF piezoelectric sensors under the next load step.By repeating the above three steps,the active sound absorption control process of the piezoelectric ceramic plates can be simulated.The simulation experiment reveals the relationship between the applied driving voltage and frequency on piezoelectric ceramic plates of different shapes,and the simulation results closely match the theoretical calculations.The simulation experiment results demonstrate that,with the same surface area,circular piezoelectric ceramic plates exhibit significantly superior sound absorption and noise reduction performance compared to square piezoelectric ceramic plates.