牡丹不同连栽年限对春季土壤动物群落的影响

Response of Soil Fauna Community to Different Planting Years of Paeonia suffruticosa in Spring

【目的】了解牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)不同连栽年限对春季土壤动物群落结构的影响。【方法】以毗邻荒地(CK)为对照,大型土壤动物采用手捡法,中小型土壤动物采用干湿漏斗分离法,研究了牡丹连栽1 a(F1)、2 a(F2)、3 a(F3)和4 a(F4)后土壤动物群落特征。【结果】试验共捕获土壤动物190只,隶属于2门7纲15目31科,优势类群为蚰蜒目和蜈蚣目,与CK相比,牡丹种植整体上增加了土壤动物类群数,并随连栽年限的增加而呈现出抛物线的变化趋势,牡丹连栽3 a后(F3),土壤动物类群数和平均密度达到最高;同时,除第3年外,牡丹种植后降低了其余种植年的土壤动物密度。随着连栽年限的增加,土壤动物丰富度指数呈递增趋势,多样性指数呈抛物线的变化趋势,优势度指数呈现逐渐减少的趋势,均匀度指数值波动较小。捕食性与杂食性土壤动物密度随连栽年限的增加均呈先递增后递减的趋势。【结论】牡丹种植在短期内有利于土壤动物群落发展,但在超过一定年限后,土壤动物群落会受到一定抑制。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different consecutive years of Paeonia suffruticosa cultivation on the community structure of spring soil fauna.【Method】Macrofauna were collected by manual picking,and meso and micro-fauna were separated using the dry-wet funnel method.The adjacent wasteland was selected as the control(CK),the characteristics of the soil fauna communities were studied after 1 year(F1),2 years(F2),3 years(F3),and 4 years(F4)of con⁃secutive P.suffruticosa cultivation.【Result】A total of 190 soil animals were captured,representing 2 phyla,7 classes,15 orders,and 31 families.The dominant groups were Isopoda and Chilopoda.Over⁃all,compared to the CK,P.suffruticosa cultivation increased the number of soil fauna groups,showing a parabolic trend with consecutive years of cultivation.The peak number and average density of soil fauna groups occurred after 3 years (F3) of P. suffruticosa cultivation. Additionally, except for F3, the soil fauna density decreased in the other years of P. suffruticosa cultivation. The richness index of soil fauna showed an increasing trend with consecutive cultivation years, while the diversity index exhibited a para⁃ bolic trend, dominance index decreased gradually, and the evenness index fluctuated slightly. The densi⁃ ties of predatory and omnivorous soil fauna initially increased and then decreased with consecutive culti⁃ vation years. 【Conclusion】 Overall, short-term P. suffruticosa cultivation benefits the development of soil faun communities, but extended cultivation years eventually restrains the soil fauna communities.