机械课程中机构自由度计算的虚约束问题教学探讨

Teaching Discussion on Redundant Constraint of Degree of Freedom Calculation in Mechanical Course

机构自由度的分析是机械系统运动学和动力学研究的基础,也是机械工程专业及相关专业机械课程的重要学习内容。在机构自由度的分析中,由于虚约束存在的多样性、复杂性、隐蔽性,部分教师和大多数学生难以真正掌握虚约束的本质特性,经常出现机构自由度计算错误的现象,严重制约了教学质量的提高和学生对机构特性的理解。因此,针对机构自由度计算时的虚约束问题开展教学方法的研究探讨,具有重要的现实意义。

The analysis of the degree of freedom of mecha-nism is the foundation of kinematics and dynamics of mecha-nical systems,and is also an important learning content of mechanical courses in mechanical engineering and related majors,In the analysis and calculation of the degree of free-dom of the mechanism,due to the diversity,complexity,and concealment of the redundant constraints,it is difficult for some teachers and most students to truly grasp the essential characteristics of the redundant constraints.There are offen errors in the analysis of the degree of freedom of the mecha-nism.It restricts the improvement of teaching quality and stu-dents'understanding of the characteristics of the mechanism.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the tea-ching method for the redundant constraint problem in the cal-culation of the degree of freedom of mechanism.