一种屏蔽X射线的新型纳米复材性能测试及应用效果研究

Performance test and application effect of a new type of nano composite material shielded from X-rays

针对传统铅基个体X射线防护材料存在质量重、柔度差和透气性差的问题,提出一种新型X射线屏蔽材料复合纳米纤维膜的制备。试验对复合纳米纤维膜的配比进行优化并进行性能进行研究。试验结果表明,聚丙烯腈(PAN)质量百分比为12%,分散剂为聚乙二醇(PEG),分散剂质量百分比为30%,氧化铋(Bi2O3)质量百分比为40%制备的复合纳米纤维膜性能最佳。该复合纳米纤维膜在管电压为120 kV的条件下,X射线衰减效率高于50%,半值层为0.09 cm,体积密度仅为0.22 g/cm^(3),拉伸断裂应力和杨氏模量分别为1.97 MPa和33 MPa,透气率约为29.37 mm/s,在X射线屏蔽效果和穿戴舒适性方面均明显优于传统铅基个体X射线防护材料。

A new type of X-ray shielding material composite nanofiber membrane is proposed to address the issues of heavy weight,poor flexibility,and poor breathability of traditional lead based individual X-ray protection materi⁃als.The ratio of composite nanofiber membranes was optimized and the properties were studied.The experimental results showed that the composite nanofiber membrane prepared with a mass percentage of 12%polyacrylonitrile(PAN),polyethylene glycol(PEG)as dispersant,30%as dispersant,and 40%as bismuth oxide(Bi2O3)exhibited the best performance.Under the condition of a tube voltage of 120 kV,the composite nanofiber membrane had an X-ray attenuation efficiency of over 50%,a half value layer of 0.09 cm,a volume density of only 0.22 g/cm^(3),tensile frac⁃ture stress and Young's modulus of 1.97 MPa and 33 MPa,respectively,and a gas permeability of about 29.37 mm/s.It was significantly superior to traditional lead machine individual X-ray protection materials in terms of X-ray shielding effect and wearing comfort.