“诗境说”探源新见——台律融合视野下的中晚唐江南士僧交游

A New Probe into"Poetic State of Mind":Monk-Literati Interactions in the Mid-Late Tang Dynasty in the Context of Integration of the Tiantai School and the Vinaya School

中晚唐江南地区士僧交游,实以天台与律学的融合为线索,表现出相应的三个阶段:第一阶段以法慎、玄俨、守直等律师为中心,此时对文士的摄受概因律德之崇高;第二阶段以灵一、刘长卿为核心,这一时期示人文艺、示见谈笑的诗僧风范开始形成;第二阶段与第三阶段之间的过渡人物是灵澈,他既连接越州与长安,又连接越州交游与湖州交游;第三阶段的交游核心是皎然,这一时期皎然表现出明确的干预文学、探讨文学理论、通过文学实现人生价值的志趣,而李华、梁肃、权德舆等文士经过天台影响长期的浸染,表现出对天台法义的深入理解,两方面共同导向了中唐“诗境说”的生发。

The interaction between monks and the literati in mid-late Tang dynasty took place in the context in the integration of the Tiantai School and the Vinaya School.The analysis of these interactions is made in three stages.Firstly,Vinaya masters including Fashen,Xuanyan,Shouzhi were centered and gained wide respect among the literati with their strict Vinaya observance.Secondly,Lingyi and Liu Changqing became the center of interactions,forming a monastic poet style of preaching through art,literature,and daily conversations.Monk Lingche served as the key figure during the transition from stage II to stage III.He linked up Yuezhou with Chang'an,connecting scholars socially between Yuezhou and Huzhou.Monk Jiaoran took the center spot in stage III,leading an apparent literature style of intervention,exploration,discussion,while expressing their life goals and values through letters.At this time,literati including Li Hua,Liang Su,Quan Deyu showed their profound understanding of Tiantai doctrines after their long term scriptural studies.With Jiaoran,they collaboratively led to the formation of the"poetic state of mind."