不同粪源好氧堆肥过程中养分变化及温室气体排放特征

Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Nutrient Changes During Aerobic Composting With Different Manure Sources

以牛粪、羊粪、猪粪、鸡粪、鹿粪5种不同畜禽粪便与玉米秸秆为试材,采用好氧堆肥的方法,研究了不同粪源好氧堆肥对堆肥温度、pH、电导率(EC)、纤维素、有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、温室气体(CH_(4)、CO_(2)、N_(2)O)等指标的影响,以期为农业废弃物资源化高效利用、农业温室气体减排提供参考依据。结果表明:C处理(猪粪+秸秆)和D处理(鸡粪+秸秆)在堆肥前期升温较快,而B处理(羊粪+秸秆)高温持续时间要长于其他处理;除E处理(鹿粪+秸秆)外其他4个处理pH均小于8.5;E处理(鹿粪+秸秆)的EC值最小且变化幅度最小,提升比例仅有27.36%;D处理(鸡粪+秸秆)纤维素降解率最高,为47.07%;D处理(鸡粪+秸秆)TOC降解率最高,为21.64%;B处理(羊粪+秸秆)的TN升高了103.30%;在温室气体减排方面,CH_(4)、CO_(2)、N_(2)O排放速率最低的均为B处理(羊粪+秸秆),而CH_(4)累积排放量最低的为E处理(鹿粪+秸秆),CO_(2)、N_(2)O累积排放量最低的均为A处理(牛粪+秸秆)。综上可知,B处理(羊粪+秸秆)和D处理(鸡粪+秸秆)在促进养分转化方面效果更佳。不同粪源温室气体排放特征不同,B处理(羊粪+秸秆)在温室气体减排方面效果更佳。

Five different kinds of livestock and poultry manure(cow manure,sheep manure,pig manure,chicken manure,deer manure)and corn straw were used as experimental materials,and the aerobic composting method was used to study the effects of aerobic composting from different manure sources on compost temperature,pH,conductivity(EC),cellulose,organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),greenhouse gases(CH_(4),CO_(2),N_(2)O)and other indicators,in order to provide reference for the efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources and the reduction of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.The results showed that treatment C(pig manure+straw)and treatment D(chicken manure+straw)heated up faster in the early stage of composting,while treatment B(sheep manure+straw)had a longer duration of high temperature than other treatments.Except for treatment E(deer manure+straw),the pH of the other four treatments was less than 8.5.The EC value of treatment E(deer manure+straw)was the smallest and had the smallest change,with an increase rate of only 27.36%.The highest degradation rate of cellulose in treatment D(chicken manure+straw)was 47.07%.The TOC degradation rate of treatment D(chicken manure+straw)was the highest,at 21.64%.The TN of treatment B(sheep manure+straw)increased by 103.30%.In terms of greenhouse gases emissions reduction,the lowest emission rates of CH_(4),CO_(2),and N_(2)O were all from treatment B(sheep manure+straw),while the lowest cumulative CH_(4)emissions were from treatment E(deer manure+straw),and the lowest cumulative CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions were from treatment A(cow manure+straw).In conclusion,treatment B(sheep manure+straw)and treatment D(chicken manure+straw)had better effects in promoting nutrient transformation.The greenhouse gases emission characteristics vary among different manure sources,and treatment B(sheep manure+straw)had a better effect in reducing greenhouse gases emissions.