餐厨垃圾氮素含量对巨菌草肥效的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Content in Kitchen Waste on Fertilizing Effectiveness of Pennisetum giganteum

以巨菌草为试材,在田间条件下,设置了3种浓度梯度的餐厨垃圾处理(C1 50 t·hm^(-2)、C2 100 t·hm^(-2)、C3 200 t·hm^(-2)),并与未施肥(CK)及施氮肥(N1 100 kg·hm^(-2)、N2 300 kg·hm^(-2))的情况进行比较,研究了不同氮素含量的餐厨垃圾对土壤肥效、微生物多样性以及巨菌草的营养品质和农艺性状的影响,以期为增强农业可持续性提供参考依据。结果表明:随着餐厨垃圾中氮素含量的增加,土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾含量较CK均增加,其中N2处理土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮较CK显著增加9.55%、84.09%、104.20%(P<0.05),C3处理土壤速效钾较CK显著提高23.84%(P<0.05),同时,施加餐厨垃圾C3的巨菌草株高、茎粗、分蘖数、叶茎比和生物量均显著高于对照71.6%、36.4%、106.5%、90.9%、67.8%(P<0.05),产生的效果与施加氮肥处理相当。此外,与CK相比,各施加处理巨菌草品质均有不同程度改善,粗蛋白含量不同处理在各个时期均与CK具有显著性差异(P<0.05),餐厨垃圾的施加还提高了巨菌草根际的微生物群落丰度。因此,通过利用巨菌草处理餐厨垃圾,不仅可以解决餐厨垃圾带来的环境问题,还可以实现其资源化利用,进而产生显著的环境和经济效益。

Taking Pennisetum giganteumas the test material,under field conditions,three concentration gradients of kitchen waste treatment(C150t·hm^(-2),C2100t·hm^(-2),C3200t·hm^(-2))were established,and compared them with unfertilized(CK)and nitrogen-fertilized(N1100kg·hm^(-2),N2300kg·hm^(-2))conditions.The effects of kitchen waste with different nitrogen contents on soil fertility,microbial diversity,and the nutritional quality and agronomic traits of Pennisetum giganteum were studied,in order to provide reference for enhancing agricultural sustainability.The results showed that with the increase in nitrogen content in kitchen waste,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and available potassium content increased compared to CK.Specifically,in the N2treatment,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen significantly increased by 9.55%,84.09%,and 104.20%(P<0.05),respectively,compared to CK.The C3treatment also significantly increased available potassium content in soil by 23.84%(P<0.05)compared to CK.Furthermore,the Pennisetum giganteum treated with kitchen waste C3 showed significant increases in plant height,stem thickness,tiller number,leaf-to-stem ratio,and biomass compared to the control group,with increases of 71.6%,36.4%,106.5%,90.9%,and 67.8%,respectively(P<0.05).The effects were comparable to those observed with nitrogen fertilizer application.In addition,all kitchen waste treatments led to varying degrees of improvement in the quality of Pennisetum giganteum compared to CK.The crude protein content in different treatments showed significant differences from CK at various time periods(P<0.05),and the application of kitchen waste also increased the microbial community abundance in the rhizosphere of Pennisetum giganteum.Therefore,by using Pennisetum giganteum to process kitchen waste,it was not only possible to address the environmental problems associated with kitchen waste but also achieve its resource utilization,resulting in significant environmental and economic benefits.