金黄色葡萄球菌慢性骨髓炎的病理机制及最新治疗进展

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced chronic osteomyelitis:an overview of pathological mechanisms and recent therapeutic progress

慢性骨髓炎主要由金黄色葡萄球菌引起,是一种以反复发作的窦道流脓、慢性胀痛和骨质破坏为特征的严重感染性疾病。该疾病的治疗面临着高复发率和致残率的挑战,给患者带来巨大的身体和经济负担,现已成为亟待解决的全球性重大健康问题。近年来,随着医疗技术和微生物学的发展,关于慢性骨髓炎迁延难愈的病理机制相关研究不断深入。骨陷窝网络结构的入侵和小菌落变体表型转变的致病机制逐渐被揭示,为解释其治疗的复杂性提供了新视角。这一发现继细菌耐药、生物膜形成和胞内感染等机制之后,成为理解该疾病的新突破。本文综述了这些机制对慢性骨髓炎治疗挑战的影响,并探讨了最新的治疗前景。

Chronic osteomyelitis is a severe infectious disease caused primarily by Staphylococcus aureus and characterized by recurrent episodes of sinus drainage,chronic swelling,and bone destruction.Its treatment is challenging due to high rates of recurrence and disability which impose significant physical and financial burdens on its patients.Therefore,it has become a major global health problem that requires urgent attention.Recent research into its pathogenesis has been intensified due to advancements in medical technology and microbiology.In addition to antibiotic resistance,current studies have identified biofilm formation,intracellular infection,invasion of the bone trap network structure,and presence of small colony variants as factors contributing to this disease,providing new perspectives to understand the complexity of its treatment.This article reviews the impact of these mechanisms on the treatment challenges and explores the latest therapeutic prospects of the disease.