脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的饮食护理效果观察及对神经功能的影响

Effect of diet nursing on dysphagia in stroke patients and its influence on nerve function

目的评估饮食护理应用在脑卒中后吞咽障碍(DAS)患者中的效果及对神经功能的影响。方法纳入2020年7月—2021年12月的78例DAS患者,参照随机数字表法划分对照组(纳入39例,提供常规护理)、观察组(纳入39例,加用饮食护理),评价组间吞咽功能检查(VFSS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)、营养指标、并发症。结果①护理前,组间VFSS、NIHSS、SWAL-QOL、营养指标[前白蛋白(PA)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)]无差异,P>0.05;护理后,观察组VFSS、NIHSS、SWAL-QOL、营养指标(PA、TP、ALB)更佳,P<0.05;②较之对照组(25.64%),观察组并发症发生率(5.13%)更低,P<0.05。结论对DAS患者实施饮食护理,能够减少并发症,改善营养状况、神经功能、吞咽障碍情况及生活质量,值得推广。

Objective To evaluate the effect of dietary nursing in patients with poststroke dysphagia(DAS)and its influence on neurological function.Methods A total of 78 DAS patients from July 2020 to December 2021 were included and divided into control group(39 patients included,providing routine care)and observation group(39 patients included,plus dietary care)according to random number table method.The intergroup swallowing function test(VFSS),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),swallowing Disorders Specific Quality of Life Scale(SWAL-QOL),nutritional indexes,and complications were evaluated.Results(1)Before nursing,there were no differences in VFSS,NIHSS,SWAL-QOL and nutritional indexes[prealbumin(PA),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)]between groups,P>0.05;After nursing,the VFSS,NIHSS,SWAL-QOL and nutritional indexes(PA,TP,ALB)in the observation group were better,P<0.05;(2)Compared with the control group(25.64%),the complication rate of the observation group(5.13%)was lower,P<0.05.Conclusion Dietary nursing for DAS patients can reduce complications,improve nutritional status,neurological function,dysphagia and quality of life,and is worth promoting.