单核吞噬细胞在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制中的研究进展

Research progress of mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age related macular degeneration,AMD)是一种涉及年龄、遗传和环境等多因素相互作用导致的视网膜黄斑疾病。单核吞噬细胞(mononuclear phagocytes,MPs)是常驻视网膜血管周围的天然免疫细胞群,在正常眼部组织中发挥吞噬、清除等功能。但在AMD病变中,因视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞及光感受器功能障碍,代谢产物异常堆积,启动视网膜常驻MPs发生免疫炎症反应,形成眼底炎症微环境,促使AMD进展。文章综述了MPs表面标志物、趋化因子及其受体对RPE的影响以及MPs与RPE细胞相互作用对AMD疾病发展的影响。

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a retinal macular disease caused by the interaction of age,genetics,environment and other factors.Mononuclear phagocytes(MPs)are a population of innate immune cells that reside around the retinal blood vessels and play a role in phagocytosis and clearance in normal ocular tissues.However,due to the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells and photoreceptors dysfunction in AMD lesions,abnormal accumulation of metabolites triggers immune inflammatory reactions in retinal resident MPs,forming a retinal inflammatory microenvironment,and promote the progression of AMD.This review summarizes the effects of MPs surface markers,chemokines and their receptors on RPE,as well as the interaction between MPs and RPE cells on the development of AMD disease.