清中叶至民国时期东洋参在中国的流通药用考析

Research on Market Circulation and Medicinal Application of Japanese Ginseng in China from the Middle Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

东洋参,是将高丽参、西洋参引种至日本并形成一定规模化种植的人参。自清代中叶至民国初年,东洋参借助价格优势以辽参、高丽参替代品的外来参形象广泛流通于进补文化浓厚的江南地区,并逐渐在中国参市站稳脚跟。随着东洋参的流通和药用演变,清中叶至民国时期的医药界对其分类、作伪、药性与药用等研究逐渐深入,并在近代生药学的发展下,最终确定其与辽参、高丽参在药用价值上的替代关系。但随着近代中日民族矛盾的上升,东洋参在全国性抵制日货运动中销量锐减,其在中国的药用逐渐衰落。

Japanese ginseng,a cultivated ginseng which seed origins are from Korean ginseng and American ginseng,had been cultivated on a scale.From the middle Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China,Japanese ginseng was widely circulated in the Jiangnan area of China with cheaper price and being the substitute of Liao Shen and Korean ginseng,and gradually gained a firm foothold in Chinese ginseng market.With the evolution of the circulation and medicinal application of Japanese ginseng,the research on its classification,falsification,medicinal properties and medicinal application was gradually deepened from the middle Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.Also,its substitutive relation with Liao Shen and Korean ginseng was finally determined under the development of modern pharmacognosy.However,with the rise of national contradictions between China and Japan in modern times,the sales of Japanese ginseng in national campaign against Japanese products dropped sharply,and its medicinal application in China gradually declined.