与自然相通:王弼成圣观刍议

Connecting with Nature:Discussion on Wang Bi’s Concept of Saint

汉代人依据历史文献的描述衡量是否成圣,呈现出天生圣人观念。曹魏王弼延续了这一观念,对于这点并非如学界通过讨论“圣人有情”说推导得出,因为其并不能反映出明确的圣凡关系。王弼天生圣人观念的呈现主要凭借“自然之性”“神明”两概念的诠释,以及对后天积学的反对态度来证明,并且他在延续的同时作了改变,将与自然相通作为新的成圣标准,具体体现在两个方面:圣人神秘化与王权化的消除;圣人神圣性的转变。这就使得成圣由一种客观性历史经验判断转变为主观性自我体悟,成圣与否概由自身决定。

People in the Han Dynasty evaluated saints according to the description of historical documents,showing the concept of natural saints.Wang Bi of the Wei Dynasty continued this idea,which was not derived from the academic discussion of“saints have affection”because it did not reflect a clear relationship between saints and mortals.The presentation of Wang Bi’s concept of natural saints was mainly based on the interpretation of the two concepts of“nature”and“god”,as well as the opposition to the Hou Tian Ji Xue.He made changes in the continuation at the same time,took the communication with nature as a new standard of sanctification,which was embodied in two aspects:the mysterious saints and the elimination of the monarchy,and the sacred transformation of the saint.This made sanctification changing from an objective historical experience to subjective self-perception,and the standard of sanctification was determined by oneself.