论霍布斯的建国契约

Hobbes’s State-Creating Pact

霍布斯是近代社会契约论的代表理论家之一。围绕他的建国契约,产生了当代契约论和语境派两种不同旨趣的解读。霍布斯的建国契约是将政治联合与服从义务结合在一起的,但是早期著作隐藏着联合之前达成一致的可能,以民主起源论和人民主权学说的形式表现出来。霍布斯利用《利维坦》中的授权版本的契约理论消除了“人民”概念。通过承诺服从争议和对诺曼征服的解释,霍布斯的契约论还能容纳以武力获取的国家。

Hobbes is one of the representative theorists of modern social contract theory,and two interpretations with different purports have arisen around the state-creating pact:contemporary contractualist and contextualist approach.This paper relies primarily on the second interpretation to explore the question of the state-creating pact arising from the differences between Hobbes’s earlier and later writings.The paper asserts that Hobbes’s state-creating pact is one that combines political union with the duty of obedience,but that the early writings imply concord prior to union,which amounts to the conclusion that the original form of government is democracy and is expressed in the form of the doctrine of popular sovereignty.Hobbes eliminates the concept of the People through the authorized version of the contract theory in Leviathan.By promising to submit to the commonwealth of England and reinterpreting the Norman Conquest,Hobbes’s contract theory also accommodates commonwealth by acquisition.