友善还是敌对?--重新审视霍布斯对国际无政府状态的思考

Amity or Enmity?--Rethinking Hobbes’s Legacy of International Anarchy

对于自然状态是否可以代表霍布斯对国际关系的看法,当代学者们莫衷一是。国际关系中现实主义学派认为,霍布斯式的国际无政府状态仍是以战争为基调的自然状态。另有研究者认为,相比于自然状态下的个人,主权国家有着更高的防卫能力与和平相处的意愿,这使得国际无政府状态更趋于和平而非战争。但后者的观点忽视了非军事手段对主权国家的威胁;在非军事手段的相互威胁下,霍布斯式的国际无政府状态在本质上仍然是相互争斗的自然状态。

Concerning whether Hobbes’s state of nature account represents his account of international anarchy,the contemporary academics fail to reach an agreement.The classical realists in international relations insist that Hobbes’s account of the international anarchy intrinsically resembles his war-inclining state of nature.Some Hobbes scholars argue that the sovereign states under Hobbes’s account acquire the peace-inclining character and the sufficient capability for self-defense,and this consequently makes the international anarchy more peace-inclining.Nonetheless,the latter underestimate the non-military threats,and under the premise that sovereign states can destroy each other by non-military manners,the international anarchy in the Hobbeisan context is essentially a war-inclining state of nature.