作为准罪名的电信网络诈骗罪

On the Telecom Network Fraud as Quasi-crime

电信网络诈骗罪不是有权机关确定的法定罪名,但司法规范性文件为其设定了独立的罪状并配置了独立的法定刑,因而其实质上是一种准罪名。与普通诈骗罪相比,电信网络诈骗罪具有手段的技术性、状态的非接触性、对象的不特定性和组织的共犯性等构成特征。其中,手段特征是核心特征,状态特征是派生特征,二者均是内部性特征,而对象特征和组织特征是外部性特征,是基于合理划定调整范围的政策需要而设的。基于这四个特征,可以合理划分电信网络诈骗罪与普通诈骗罪、信用卡诈骗罪和盗窃罪等犯罪的界限。

Telecom network fraud is not a statutory crime determined by competent authorities,but judicial normative documents establish independent charges and prescribe separate statutory penalties,making it essentially a quasi-crime.Comparing with common fraud,telecom network fraud is featured as technical means,non-contact state,indeterminate victims and collusive organization.Among these features,the technical means are of a core feature,and the state feature is a derivative feature,both of which are internal characteristics,while the indeterminate victims and collusive organization are external features established based on the policy needs of reasonable delimitation and adjustment scope.Based on these four features,it is possible to reasonably distinguish telecom network fraud from common fraud,credit card fraud,theft or other Crimes.