HPLC指纹图谱分析竹节参茎叶化学成分的累积特征

Study on the dynamic accumulation characteristics of chemical constituents in stem and leaves of Panax japonicus by HPLC

目的研究不同生长期竹节参茎叶中化学成分的累积变化规律。方法采用HPLC法测定不同生长期竹节参的茎叶,根据紫外光谱特征鉴别对应成分类型,计算相似度;运用聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)对竹节参茎叶进行模式识别分析;结合热图分析各类化学成分的累积变化规律。结果建立了竹节参茎叶的HPLC指纹图谱,标定了23个共有峰,对应化学成分类型主要为黄酮类和皂苷类,并指认了其中7个共有峰;22批样品的一致性较高;竹节参茎叶在不同生长期内的成分累积特征存在差异,4、5月份黄酮类成分积累最多,而皂苷类成分的累积量在6、7月份达最大值;通过HCA、PCA和PLS-DA可将不同生长期的竹节参茎叶完全区分开来,其中,有7个特征峰可作为不同生长期竹节参茎叶差异性的主要标志。结论竹节参茎叶含有丰富的黄酮类和皂苷类成分,HPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学法能反映其生长期内次生代谢成分的动态累积变化。

OBJECTIVE To study the dynamic accumulation law of chemical constituents in stems and leaves of Panax japonicus at different growth stages.METHODS The chemical constituents in stems and leaves of P.japonicus at different growth stages were detected by HPLC,and the types were analyzed based on ultraviolet.Similarity evaluation was performed.The differences among samples were identified by chemical pattern recognition methods including cluster analysis(HCA),hierarchical principal component analysis(PCA),and partial least squares discriminate analysis(PLS-DA).The dynamic cumulative characteristics of chemical constituents in dfferent stages was explored by heat map.RESULTS The HPLC fingerprint of the stems and leaves of P.japonicus at different growth stages was obtained.23 common peaks were found in the chromatography,and chemical constituents mainly contain flavonoids and saponins,and 7 common peaks were identified.The consistency of samples of 22 batches was high.There were differences in the accumulation characteristics of the stems and leaves of P.japonicus at different growth stages.The accumulation of flavonoids was the highest in April and May,while the accumulation of saponins was the highest in June and July.Results of HCA,PCA,and PLS-DA demonstrated that obvious distinctions among stems and leaves of P.japonicus at different growth stages,among which seven characteristic peaks,can be used as the main markers of the variability of the stem leaves of P.japonicus with different growth periods.CONCLUSION Flavonoids and saponins are rich in the stems and leaves of P.japonicus.The dynamic cumulative characteristics reflected by HPLC fingerprints,when combined with chemical pattern recognition.