广州市1152例孕妇膳食营养知信行现状及影响因素

Analysis of 1152 pregnant women's knowledge-attitude-practice about dietary nutrition in Guangzhou

目的:通过对广州市花都区某三甲医院产前检查的孕妇开展问卷调查,了解其膳食营养的知信行现况,并分析其影响因素。方法:抽取2021年3—6月在广州市花都区某三甲医院产科门诊进行产检的1152例孕妇作为研究对象,由经过统一培训的调查员面对面、一对一指导孕妇扫码完成孕期膳食营养知信行问卷填写。结果:1152例孕妇膳食营养总得分为(13.22±3.20)分,总体及格率、良好率、不及格率分别为54.60%、15.63%、29.77%。其中,孕妇膳食营养知识、营养态度、营养行为得分的不及格率分别为48.09%、5.12%、28.91%。多重线性回归结果显示孕妇年龄、孕前体重指数、孕妇文化程度、孕妇职业是营养知信行总体水平的影响因素。结论:广州市花都区孕妇膳食营养的知信行状况不容乐观,需要重点关注年龄≤25岁、文化程度偏低、孕前超重及无业孕妇群体,应及早针对育龄妇女、孕早期女性及其所在家庭进行多渠道的营养宣教。

Objective:A questionnaire survey was carried out among pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Huadu District,Guangzhou,to examine the knowledge-attitude-practice of their dietary nutrition,and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:From March to June 2021,a total of 1152 pregnant women who underwent antenatal check-up in the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in Huadu District,Guangzhou City were selected as the research objects.The face-to-face and one-on-one trained investigators guided pregnant women to complete the dietary nutrition knowledge and practice questionnaire during pregnancy by scanning codes.Results:The total dietary nutrition score of 1152 pregnant women was(13.22±3.20)points,and the overall pass rate,good rate and fail rate were 54.60%,15.63% and 29.77%,respectively.Among them,the failure rates of dietary nutrition knowledge,nutrition attitude and nutrition behavior were 48.09%,5.12% and 28.91%.The results of multiple linear regression showed that pregnant women's age,pre-pregnancy BMI,pregnant women's educational level and pregnant women's occupation were the factors influencing the overall level of knowledgeattitude-practice.Conclusion:The knowledge,belief and practice of dietary nutrition of pregnant women in Huadu District of Guangzhou is not optimistic,and it is necessary to focus on pregnant women aged≤25 years,low education level,overweight BMI before pregnancy and unemployed pregnant women.Multi-channel nutrition education should be carried out early for women of childbearing age,women in early pregnancy and their families.