废旧锂离子电池正负极材料再生循环利用研究进展

Progress on Recycling of Cathode and Anode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

随着以新能源汽车为代表的新能源产业迅速发展,大量退役动力锂离子电池随着使用寿命终结而形成新兴的“城市矿产”。因此,在“双碳”背景下,如何高效、环保、低碳地实现锂离子电池资源循环成为当前研究的难点和热点。综述了正负极材料的再生方法和再生用途,目前,正负极材料的再生方法主要包括直接再生(固相法、水热法、熔盐焙烧法)和间接再生(共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法),并分别概述它们在工业生产应用中的优缺点;负极材料被修复再生后可应用于正负极材料、催化剂、吸附剂、石墨衍生物和石墨聚合物材料的构建,充分展现了资源的可持续循环利用。最后,分析废旧锂离子电池再生利用所面临的困难与挑战,并对废旧锂离子电池再生利用的工业实践进行展望,为实现锂离子电池资源循环提供可行的参考意见。

With the rapid development of the new energy industry led by new energy vehicles,a large number of spent power lithium batteries have formed an emerging“urban mineral”with the end of their service life.Therefore,under the background of“dual-carbon”,how to realize the resource recycling of lithium-ion batteries in an efficient,environmentally friendly and low-carbon way has become the difficulty and hot spot of current research.At present,the regeneration methods of cathode and anode electrode materials mainly include direct regeneration(solid phase method,hydrothermal method,molten salt roasting method)and indirect regeneration(co-precipitation method,sol-gel method),and the advantages and disadvantages of their application in industrial production are summarized.After being repaired and regenerated,the negative electrode materials can be applied to positive and negative electrode materials,catalysts,adsorbents,graphite derivatives and graphite polymer materials,etc.,fully demonstrates sustainable recycling of resources.Finally,it analyzes the difficulties and challenges faced by the recycling of used lithium-ion batteries and looks forward to the industrial practice of recycling.