甲状腺癌新生淋巴管与淋巴转移的研究进展

Progress in Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis of Thyroid Carcinoma

甲状腺癌是常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤,多数呈惰性,淋巴转移是其常见的转移方式,决定肿瘤的临床分期和预后。肿瘤的淋巴转移机制是多年来的研究热点,目前已取得一些成果。本文将从淋巴管分子标志物及在新生肿瘤中的临床应用、淋巴管新生机制及在肿瘤淋巴转移中的作用、淋巴管引流示踪前哨淋巴结及超声在甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移中的应用等进行综述,尤其对常规超声、经静脉超声造影、经淋巴超声造影在甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移中的应用进行详细描述。

Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy,with most cases being indolent.Lymphatic metastasis as a representative metastasis type defines the clinical stage and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma.The mechanism of lymphatic metastasis in malignancies has been a research hotspot for years,and certain progress being achieved.This article reviews the molecular markers of lymphatic vessels and their application in diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms,the mechanism and role of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic metastasis,the tracing methods for sentinel lymph nodes by lymphatic drainage,and the use of ultrasound in cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.Especially,this paper details the application of conventional ultrasound,transvenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound,and trans-lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound in cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.