基于红外相机技术的洱海流域地栖鸟兽物种和功能多样性格局

Diversity pattern of ground birds and animals in Erhai Lake Basin based on infrared camera technology

流域是山地生物多样性格局重要的塑造因素,水流和流域边界对陆地动物有一定的阻隔作用,依水流而建立的人类聚居区产生的干扰也会影响生物的分布。2017年2月到2020年9月,选择洱海流域以西洱河—下关坝子、波罗江—凤仪坝子、北三江—洱源坝子为界的苍山、者磨山、鸡足山三个区域,布设红外相机120台,比较地栖鸟兽多样性。鉴定共得到兽类6目17科25种,鸟类6目23科73种,其中有国家一级保护动物2种,国家二级保护动物17种。除位于保护区的苍山外,非保护区的者磨山与鸡足山同样也均监测到了国家重点保护动物。三个区域的鸟兽物种多样性水平无显著差异。但三个区域都有特有的地栖鸟兽,置换检验表明三个区域的鸟兽组成之间均有显著差异,其中鸡足山与者磨山两区域兽类物种组成差异较大。相对于其他区域,鸡足山内各位点间的群落差异较大、功能多样性较高。推测河流和城镇已经对地面鸟兽造成一定的阻隔作用,而不同区域的地形和植被也对物种的差异有所贡献。

Watershed is an important shaping factor of biodiversity pattern in mountainous areas.Water flow and watershed boundaries have a certain blocking effect on land animals,and the interference caused by human settlements established along water also affect the distribution of organisms.From February 2017 to September 2020,Cangshan Mountain,Zhemo Mountain and Jizu Mountain,which are bounded by Xier River-Xiaguan Bazi,Boluo River-Fengyi Bazi,and North Sanjiang-Eryuan Bazi in the west of Erhai River Basin,were selected,and 120 infrared camera were deployed to compare the diversity of ground birds and animals.Totally 25 species of mammals belonging to 6 orders,17 families and 73 species of birds belonging to 6 orders,23 families were identified,including 2 species of national first-class protected animals and 17 species of national second-class protected animals.In addition to Cangshan Mountain,which is located in a protected area,the national key protected animals were also monitored in Zhemo Mountain and Jizu Mountain,which were not protected areas.There was no significant difference in species diversity of birds and animals among the three areas.However,there were unique ground birds and animals in the three areas,and the analysis of similarities showsed that there were significant differences in the composition of birds and animals in the three areas,especially in Jizu Mountain and Zhemo Mountain.Compared with other areas,the communities in Jizu Mountain were quite different and had higher functional diversity.We speculate that rivers and towns had already blocked the ground birds and mammals,and the topography and vegetation in different areas might also contribute to the species differences.