叙事医学语境下癌末患者家庭照护者预期性悲伤影响因素的质性研究

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of anticipatory grief among family caregivers of terminal-stage cancer patients in the context of narrative medicine

目的探讨晚期癌症患者家庭照护者预期性悲伤的影响因素,为制订预期性悲伤的干预方案提供参考。方法设计访谈提纲,采用描述性质性研究的方法,目的选取11名就诊于南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤内科的患者家庭叙事照护者进行半结构化深度访谈。基于社会生态学模型,以生命健康叙事理论为框架,采取内容分析法进行资料分析。结果共提炼出3个主题,12个亚主题,即个体层面影响因素(叙事素养、对死亡的认知程度、自我价值感)、人际层面影响因素(患者疾病情况、受教育程度、经济状况、家庭叙事连接、同伴叙事连接、医者与家属间叙事连接)、文化政策层面影响因素(社会文化、病房物理环境、政策层面)。结论预期性悲伤受多层面因素的共同影响,应从个体、人际、家庭、社会等各层面展开多维度的叙事连接构建,预防照护者陷入单一照护者身份叙事闭锁,减轻照护者预期性悲伤影响,提高生活质量。

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of anticipatory grief among family caregivers of terminal-stage cancer patients,and provide a reference for formulating intervention programs for anticipatory grief.Methods:An interview outline was designed,and the descriptive qualitative research method was used.The aim was to select 11 family narrative caregivers of patients in the Department of Medical Oncology,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University for semi-structured in-depth interviews.Based on the social ecology model,using the narrative theory of life and health as the framework,the content analysis method was adopted to analyze the data.Results:A total of 3 themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted,including the influencing factors at the individual level(narrative literacy,cognitive level towards death,and sense of selfworth),the influencing factors at the interpersonal level(patient’s disease situation,education level,economic status,family narrative connection,peer narrative connection,and narrative connection between doctors and family members),and the influencing factors at the cultural policy level(social culture,physical environment of the ward,and policy level).Conclusion:Anticipatory grief was affected by multiple factors,and multidimensional narrative connection should be constructed from individual,interpersonal,family,social,and other levels to prevent caregivers from falling into a narrative lock of single caregiver identity,alleviate the impact of anticipatory grief on caregivers,and improve their quality of life.