列车相对制动安全间隔模型的参数敏感度分析

Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Safe Train Interval Model Based on Relative Braking Distance

基于相对制动安全间隔模型的虚拟编组列车间安全间隔的量值大小对轨道线路的通行能力规划、基础设施建设以及车的设计等产生巨大的影响。为充分发挥虚拟联挂列车运行高效性并确保其行车安全,文章对影响安全间隔大小的关键参数进行敏感度分析,采用安全时距模型定性分析和模型加算法联合仿真定量分析的方法,得出相对制动安全间隔模型中的关键参数变化对停站时间差的影响程度。用单因素轮换法获得对应参数局部敏感度排序,由大到小分别为制动率、响应延迟时间、“制动建立”阶段时间和目标停站间距,从而指出关键参数选取的范围和原则以及安全间隔设计的优化方向。为使停站时间差可控且达到小于4 s的目标,进站过程采用3阶段紧急制动模型,并推荐了适宜的典型组合指标,即在后车制动率大于1.0 m/s^(2)、响应延迟时间小于1 s、最小安全间距2 m的基础上目标停站间距大于4 m,为现阶段列车虚拟联挂技术的工程化实施提供依据。

The magnitude of safe intervals between virtually coupled trains derived from the safe train interval model based on relative braking distance has a great impact on the track capacity planning,infrastructure construction and vehicle design.This study sought to analyze the sensitivity of key parameters affecting these safe intervals,to harness the potential of virtual coupling technology in improving efficiency while ensuring operational safety.The qualitative analysis based on a safe time interval model and the quantitative analysis based on simulations using the model plus an algorithm,were conducted,shedding light on the extent of influence from key parameters in the safe interval model on stopping time differences.The local sensitivity ranking of corresponding parameters was established using the one-factor-at-a-time method(OFAT),namely,from braking rate,response delay,"braking application"stage time to target stopping distance in a descending order.This ranking delineates the range and principle of selecting key parameters and the optimization priorities in safe interval design.In order to make stopping time differences controllable and less than 4 seconds,a 3-stage emergency braking mode was adopted for station approaching,and appropriate typical combination indexes were recommended:the braking rate of more than 1.0 m/s^(2) for the following train,the response delay of less than 1 s,the minimum safety distance of 2 m and the corresponding target stopping distance more than 4 m.The study results provide the basis for the engineering implementation of virtual coupling.