气凝胶的制备及其在环保领域的应用研究进展

Preparation of Aerogels and Its Applications in Environmental Protection

气凝胶是一种由纳米量级的微细颗粒相互聚集所构成的纳米量级多孔网络结构材料,具有高孔隙率、低密度、高比表面积和强吸附性等优异特性.气凝胶已作为吸附剂、隔热材料和催化剂载体应用于生物医药、环境保护和航空航天等众多领域.其中,在环境保护中被用来去除水中包括有机染料和重金属离子等有害废弃物,以及对空气中CO_(2)的吸附.综述了无机气凝胶、碳气凝胶和有机天然合成气凝胶在去除空气和水中污染物的应用.

Aerogels are a kind of nano-porous materials composed of nano-particles aggregated with each other,and these porous materials usually possess appealing attributes such as high porosity,low density,high specific surface area and strong adsorption.They are widely used as adsorbents,thermal insulation materials,and catalyst carriers in biomedicine,environmental protection,and aerospace.Among them,aerogels are used in environmental protection to remove harmful wastes like organic dyes,heavy metal ions and adsorption of CO_(2)in the air.In this review,recent progress in inorganic aerogels,carbon aerogels,and organic aerogels for environmental protection is briefly summarized.