典型海洋生物污损过程及涂层表面特性对其附着行为的影响

The Fouling Process of Typical Marine Organisms and the Influence of Coating Surface Characteristics on Their Attachment Behaviors

总结了几种典型海洋污损生物的附着过程和机理,其中细菌通过分子间作用力在表面附着,硅藻通过分泌胞外多聚物实现附着,藤壶分泌的藤壶胶使其牢固附着在固体表面,而贻贝的附着主要依靠其强大的足丝,海藻附着过程主要是孢子的选择性着陆和发育。污损生物的附着都发生在结构表面,通过调控表面特性能够显著影响生物的附着行为。涂层表面形貌影响生物与表面的有效接触面积;表面能的影响主要取决于涂层类型;超疏水和超亲水都有利于提升防污性能;降低涂层弹性模量和提高涂层厚度则有利于附着生物从表面脱落。

In this paper,the attachment processes and mechanisms of several typical marine fouling organisms were reviewed.Among them,bacteria attached to surfaces through intermolecular forces,diatoms attached by secreting extracellular polymers,barnacles secrete barnacle gum that allowed them to attach firmly to solid surfaces,mussels attached mainly by their powerful foot filaments,and the attachment process of seaweeds was mainly the selective landing and development of their spores.The attachment of marine fouling organisms usually occured on structural surfaces,and the attachment behavior of organisms could be significantly influenced by the surface properties.The coating surface morphology affected the effective contact area between organisms and the surface;the effect of surface energy depended mainly on the coating type,both superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity were beneficial for fouling resistance;and the lower elastic modulus and the thicker coating thickness were favorable for the dislodgement of adhering organisms from the surface.