改性生物炭作用滨海盐碱地的土壤微生物机理

Soil Microbial Mechanism of Modified Biochar in Coastal Saline-alkali Agroecosystem

为提高生物炭在盐碱地的适用性,研究改性生物炭对盐碱地的作用效果及微生态机理。通过2 a的大田试验,设置普通生物炭、富氮改性生物炭、富磷改性生物炭3种处理,3种生物炭用量分别为4.5,7.5,15.0 t/hm^(2),研究作物产量性状、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物多样性的响应情况。结果发现,添加生物炭可以改良土壤盐碱地,其中富氮改性生物炭和富磷改性生物炭效果更突出。生物炭可以提高盐碱地作物产量,降低土壤含盐量,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重。3种生物炭影响并不一致,其中15.0 t/hm^(2)磷改性生物炭对作物增产效果最好,其产量为(8.92±0.12)t/hm^(2),比对照组提高了110%。生物炭影响土壤微生物多样性,普通生物炭增加了土壤微生物多样性,但磷改性生物炭降低土壤微生物多样性。随着生物炭施用量的增加,土壤理化性质对土壤微生物和植物结构关系受到影响,三者之间的联系被削弱。综上,推荐施用15 t/hm^(2)磷改性生物炭用于改善盐碱农田生态系统。

To improve the applicability of biochar in saline-alkali agroecosystem,the effect and microbial mechanism of modified biochar were studied.In a 2-year field experiment,common biochar(4.5 t/ha),nitrogen-rich modified biochar(7.5 t/ha)and phosphorus-rich modified biochar(15.0 t/ha)were added to investigate their impact on crop grain yield,soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial diversity.It had been observed that the addition of biochar enhanced the quality of saline-alkali soil,with nitrogen-rich modified biochar and phosphorus-rich modified biochar demonstrating more notable effects.Biochar could boost crop yield,improve soil structure and reduce soil bulk density in saline-alkali land.The effects of the three biochar types were not consistent.Among them,the application of 15.0 t/ha phosphorus-rich modified biochar showed favorable responses,with grain yield of(8.92±0.12)t/ha,representing a 110%increase compared to the control group.Biochar affected soil microbial diversity.Common biochar increased soil microbial diversity,whereas phosphorus-rich modified biochar decreased it.With the continuous addition of biochar,soil physical and chemical properties could affect the relationship between soil microorganisms and plant structure,weakening their relationships.In this study,the application of 15.0 t/ha phosphorus-rich modified biochar was recommended to improve saline-alkali agroecosystem.