“历史的终结”及其理想的社会——兼论黑格尔、福山与马克思的“历史终结”观

The End of History and Its Ideal Society——On Hegel’s Fukuyama’s and Marx’s View of the End of History

自由民主制是“历史的终结”,是福山的核心观点。福山认为“历史的终结”指的是历史的方向性问题,强调自由民主作为价值目标的合理性,基于此,他相信黑格尔和马克思都主张历史会终结。世界历史无非是自由的实现史,是黑格尔、福山和马克思共享的历史思想。然而,他们对“终结”历史的理想社会的构想不同,自由国家、共产主义和自由民主制相继被其视为历史的最高阶段。福山对自由民主在何种意义上“终结”历史的表述模糊,混淆了自由民主理念和自由民主模式的区别。

Liberal democracy is the“end of history”,which is Fukuyama’s core viewpoint.Fukuyama believes that the“end of history”refers to the directional issue of history,emphasizing the rationality of freedom and democracy as a value goal.Based on this,he believes that both Hegel and Marx advocate for the end of history.World history is nothing more than the history of the realization of freedom,which is the historical thought shared by Hegel,Fukuyama,and Marx.However,they hold diff erent visions of an ideal society to“end”history,with free states,communism,and free democracy being regarded as the highest stages of history.Fukuyama’s vague statement on the meaning of“ending”history of freedom and democracy confuses the diff erence between the concept of freedom and democracy and the model of freedom and democracy.