朝鲜朝前期“恒居倭人”的管理对策研究

A Study on the Management Countermeasure of“Permanent Residents of Japanese”in the Early Period of Joseon

朝鲜朝前期,大批倭人东渡朝鲜半岛谋求生存。基于“事大交邻”的对外政策,朝廷遂开放荠浦、釜山浦和盐浦,允许倭人侨居,朝鲜官方将这一群体称之为“恒居倭人”。恒居倭人身份结构相对复杂,但大多从事正常的生产经营,享受朝鲜朝给予的安抚及优待。随着时间推移,恒居倭人活动广度扩大,偷渡和犯罪层出不穷,严重触及到朝鲜海岸的安全利益。对此,朝鲜朝廷转变态度,推行人口刷还、赋税征收和限制倭人活动等管理对策,意图干涉恒居倭人的生存发展。但从实施过程和结果来看,恒居倭人数量不降反增,赋税征收管控不严,朝鲜朝的管理对策均以失败告终。

In the early Period of Joseon,a large number of Japanese crossed the Korean Peninsula to seek survival.Based on the foreign policy of“serving the great power and developing friendship with neighboring countries”,the court opened up Jepo,Busanpo and Yeompo to allow the Japanese to remain in their status,who are referred to as“permanent residents of Japanese”by North Korean officials,and their population structure is relatively complex.Most of them are engaged in normal production and management,enjoying the comfort and preferential treatment given by the Period of Joseon.However,as time went by,the Japanese residents continued to expand their activities,and their rampant smuggling and crime are touching on the security interests of the Period of Joseon.In response,the Period of Joseon changed its attitude and implemented management measures such as population reimbursement,tax collection,and restriction of activities,in order to interfere with the survival and development of the permanent Japanese.However,the management measures of the Period of Joseon have failed in the process and result of implementation,seen from the increasing number of permanent Japanese residents and loosely controlled tax collection.