双层纳米孔的制造与应用

Fabrication and application of double-layer nanopore

由于具有孔径可调节、物理化学性质稳定、极端环境适应性强、集成度高等优点,固态纳米孔逐渐成为最具潜力的单分子测序工具。在固态纳米孔发展过程中,提高其单分子检测精度一直是研究人员关注的重点。近年来,双层纳米孔受到了广泛关注。与传统的单层纳米孔相比,双层纳米孔具有的孔-腔-孔结构提供了2个分子识别位点和纳米受限空间。双孔提供的2个分子识别位点可以在单次过孔事件中获得2次目标信号,所获得的双重检测信号不仅丰富了检测信息,也为信号分析提供了最为直接的对比信息源。此外,双层孔中的空腔还可作为单分子化学反应器。因此,双层纳米孔的出现拓宽了纳米孔传感器的应用范围,在单分子检测方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了纳米孔的发展历程,并重点介绍了双层纳米孔的制造方法及其在单分子检测领域的应用。

Solid-state nanopores have become the most promising single-molecule sequencing tools due to their adjustable pore size,stable physical and chemical properties,strong adaptability to extreme environments,and high integration.In the area of solid-state nanopores research,improving the detection accuracy of single molecules has always been the core concern of researchers.In recent years,the double-layer nanopores has attracted wide attention.Compared with traditional single-layer nanopore,the"pore-cavity-pore"structure of double-layer nanopores provides two molecular recognition sites and nanoconfined space.The two molecular recognition sites provided by the two nanopores can obtain two target signals in a single translocation event,which not only enrich the detection information but also provide the most direct comparison information source for signal analysis.In addition,the"cavity"in the doublelayer nanopores can be used as a single-molecule chemical reactor.Therefore,the appearance of double-layer nanopores broadens the application range of nanopore sensors and has an important application prospect in single molecule detection.In this paper,the development history of nanopores is summarized,and the fabrication methods of double-layer nanopores and their applications in the field of single-molecule detection are emphatically introduced.