数字经济对制造业绿色转型的空间溢出效应

Spatial spillover effects of the digital economy on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry

制造业绿色转型是高质量发展的重要环节,而数字经济的蓬勃发展为其提供了新动力。该研究以中国277个城市2011—2021年的平衡面板数据为研究样本,利用包含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算城市层面的制造业绿色转型成效,并基于熵权法测度城市层面数字经济指数,而后运用广义嵌套空间模型实证分析数字经济对制造业绿色转型的影响。得到基本结论后,进一步应用中介效应模型以及两区制空间计量模型深入分析数字经济作用于制造业绿色转型的中介机制和调节因素。研究结果表明:①中国城市间的制造业绿色转型呈现出空间聚集特征,具体表现为虹吸效应,即一个城市制造业绿色转型不利于其周围城市的制造业绿色转型。②数字经济不仅显著促进本城市的制造业绿色转型,也会促进其周围城市的制造业绿色转型,这一结论经过一系列内生性与稳健性检验后依然成立。③机制分析发现,数字经济对制造业绿色转型的促进作用经由促进绿色技术创新、优化资源配置效率和提高绿色信贷3个途径发生。④调节因素分析表明,数字经济与制造业绿色转型之间的关系受到能源效率的调节,较低的能源效率削弱了数字经济的作用。该研究从资源和信贷方面完善了数字经济-制造业绿色转型关系中的理论机制,并从能源方面探究该关系中的调节因素,其空间计量模型也全面考虑了地理因素和经济因素造成的空间相关性。基于研究结果,该研究提出了加快数字经济发展、提高能源效率、加快绿色技术创新、提升资源配置效率并优化绿色信贷的相关建议。

The green transformation of the manufacturing industry is an important segment in high-quality development,and the vigor-ous development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus.Taking the balanced panel data of 277 cities in China from 2011 to 2021 as the sample,this study used the super-efficient SBM model containing unexpected output to measure the effects of the green transformation of the manufacturing industry at the city level,measured the digital economy index at the city level based on the entropy weight method,and then used the general nesting spatial model to empirically analyze the impact of the digital economy on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry.After drawing the basic conclusions,this study further applied the mediation effect model and the two-zone spatial econometric model to analyze the mediation and moderation factors of the digital economy on the green transfor-mation of the manufacturing industry.The results indicated that:①The green transformation of manufacturing industry among Chinese cities presented a spatial clustering feature,specifically manifested as the siphon effect,which means that the green transformation of manufacturing industry in a city was not conducive to the green transformation of manufacturing industry in its surrounding cities.②The digital economy not only significantly promoted the green transformation of the manufacturing industry in this city,but also in the surrounding cities.This conclusion remained valid after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.③Mediation analysis found that the promotion of the digital economy in the green transformation of the manufacturing industry occurred through three channels:promoting green technology innovation,optimizing resource allocation efficiency,and improving green credit.④Moderation analysis in-dicated that the relationship between the digital economy and the green transformation of the manufacturing industry was affected by en-ergy efficiency,and lower energy efficiency weakened the role of the digital economy.Compared to existing research,this study im-proves the theoretical mechanism of the digital economy-manufacturing green transformation relationship from the perspectives of re-sources and credit and explores the moderation factors in this relationship from the energy perspective.The spatial econometric model in this study also comprehensively considers the spatial correlation caused by geographical and economic factors,which is progress com-pared to previous studies that only considered geographical spatial correlation.Based on the research results,this study proposes rele-vant implications to accelerate the development of the digital economy,improve energy efficiency,accelerate green technology innova-tion,improve resource allocation efficiency,and optimize green credit.