中国“性”研究:学科脉络与跨界对话

"Sexuality"Research in China:Paradigm Shifts and Trans-border Dialogues

本文从“学术与对话”的立意出发,首先对常见的“性学”进行拆解,概述了(广义)西方性学从sexology到sexuality的学术脉络与范式转变,以及中国台湾地区的“性/别”理论及其语境;接着以此为参照,对带着浓淡不一“中西”交流痕迹的20世纪初、20世纪80年代以来这两个社会时点的中国“性”研究进行了阶段性梳理。从动态与联系的视角出发,兼顾时代与研究范式的交叠与变化,初步勾勒了改革开放40多年间中国性研究的总体性状况:(1)20世纪80年代第二波性学热的兴起;(2)20世纪90年代以来性的历史文化、社会调查研究与“性革命”论述的流行;(3)2000-2015年艾滋病防治带来的契机与挑战;(4)21世纪以来建构论与“本土”话语的加强;(5)最近十余年“性研究”情境的转变及“性一性别”对话语境的凸显。希望通过学术脉络的梳理,丰富对于性研究内部范式的复杂化认识,并在跨界的多主体对话之中更好地看到当下的“中国(内地)性研究”与西方性学脉络、中国台湾地区性/别论述的联系与差异,包括扎根于中国现实的时代特点与话语变迁;最终,朝向以促进社会团结、良善生活与人际关系为导向的学术研究与跨界对话。

Positioned in facilitating"academic and social dialogues",the paper starts from deconstructing"sex research"(Xingxue)through outlining paradigm shifts from sexology to sexuality in the West,the invention of""sexuality/gender"theory(xing/bie)by Taiwan region researchers,and focuses on the emerging sex and sexuality research in China in early 20"century and since 1980s.Somehow overlapped stages have roughly identified as below in recent 40 years:1)The second wave of sexology in 1980s;2)Studies on sexual culture,sexual survey and discourse on"sexual revolution"in 1990s;3)Chances and challenges of sex and sexuality research in AIDs era from 2000-2015;4)The strengthening social construction paradigm and"local knowledge"since 2005 or so;5)The shifting social-political contexts and increasing prominent"sexuality-gender"dialogues since 2010.It is hoped that an examination of the emphasis of research will allow an understanding of the inherent complexity among its internal streams of the studies in sexuality.Moreover,by creating a multiple subject dialogue across disciplines there arises a chance to identify the directions of Chinese studies in sexuality from those in the west,and the differences that exist in its relationships to the theory of sexuality/gender in Taiwan region.There is also an opportunity to recognize changes in the discourse that is rooted in the China's mainland reality.These changes ultimately help promote social cohesion and encourage research and interdisciplinary dialogue to improve life and social relationships.