“县中塌陷”水平的测度与时空异质性分析

Horizontal Measurements and the Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of“the Collapse of Xianzhong”

县域普通高中是连接义务教育和高等教育的纽带之一,是诸多学子实现阶层流动的重要阶梯。伴随着我国各地区普通高中“择校费”政策改革和“超级中学”的兴起,部分县中出现优质生源和师资持续流失、升学率不断下降等现象。本研究结合2011—2019年我国31个省级行政区城区与县域高中教育资源配置数据,构建“县中塌陷”评价指标体系,结合熵权法分析发现,我国“县中塌陷”发展态势呈现出典型的时空异质性特征:在时间方面,2015年“择校费”政策改革之后,全国整体“县中塌陷”程度显著加剧;在空间方面,受到“超级中学”分布的影响,东部地区“县中塌陷”程度显著高于中西部地区。因此,在推进县中发展提升行动中,需要坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合,从优化高中教育经费投入结构、控制超级中学无序招生等问题入手赋能“县中振兴”。

County-level ordinary high schools are one of the links connecting compulsory education and higher education,and are an important step for many students to realize class mobility.With the reform of‘school selection fees’policy and the rise of‘super high school’in ordinary high schools in various regions of China,there are some collapses in some Xianzhong,such as the continuous loss of high-quality students and teachers,and the declining enrollment rate.Based on the data of high school education resource allocation in urban areas and counties of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019,this study constructs the evaluation index system of‘the collapse of Xianzhong’.Combined with the entropy weight method,it is found that the development trend of‘the collapse of Xianzhong’in China presents a typical spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The results show that:in terms of time,after the‘school selection fees’policy reform in 2015,the degree of‘the collapse of Xianzhong’in the whole country has increased significantly;in terms of space,affected by the distribution of‘super secondary schools’,the degree of‘the collapse of Xianzhong’in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in the central and western regions.Therefore,in the promotion of county development action,we need to adhere to the effective market and the government,from the optimization of high school education investment structure,control of super high school disorderly enrollment and other issues to empower the county revitalization.