塑造驯顺的肉体:新生活运动初期的身体改造

Shaping Docile Bodies:On Body Modification in Early Stage of the New Life Movement

从清季以来身体与国家唇齿相依的观点看,1934年2月,蒋介石在南昌发起的新生活运动除被视为应付时局的一种策略性事件外,还以一种更为激进的方式接续了近代以来的身体改造工程。从新生活运动颁布的系列规范看,蒋介石虽打着恢复“礼仪廉耻”固有德性的旗号,却非简单复古,而是为了塑造符合“现代文明”的身体。然而,对“现代文明”的误解,以及国家权力的主动介入和“肉体的政治技术学”的运用,最终造就的只能是为蒋介石政权服务的“驯顺的肉体”,而非近代趋新知识分子所期盼的具有独立、自治、进取等精神特质的理想身体。

According to the view of the relationship between the body and the state since the late Qing dynasty,the"New Life Movement"initiated by Chiang kai-shek in Nanchang in February 1934 was just a more radical way of succee-ding the former body modification project since the onset of modern history in addition to a strategic event to coping with the situation.In terms of the series of newly promulgated regulations,although Chiang kai-shek pretended to restore the tradi-tion virtues of""etiquette and righteousness",he was not simply resorting to the ancient way;instead,he intended to shape the body that conforms to"modern civilization".However,due to his misunderstanding of""modern civilization",and with the proactive intervention of state power and the application of physical political technocracy,the new life movement could only create the docile bodies serving the Chiang kai-shek regime,and not the ideal body with independent,autonomous and progressive characteristics in the imagination of modern intellectuals.