高铁建设、知识溢出与区域创新差距

High-Speed Rail Construction,Knowledge Spillover,and Regional Innovation Gaps

本文构建了包含旅行时间成本和商品贸易成本的新经济地理学模型,阐释了高铁促进知识溢出进而影响区域创新差距的作用机理,并进行实证检验。在商品贸易成本既定的情况下,压缩旅行时间可能会加剧创新要素的空间集聚,但高铁的知识溢出效应可能会缩小区域创新差距。实证结果表明,高铁显著提升区域创新绩效,但同时也拉大了高铁城市之间的组内创新差距,使之成为区域创新总体差距的主要来源。分区域看,高铁在中西部拉大了高铁城市组内的创新差距,而在东部却缩小了组内创新差距对整体差距的贡献;高铁主要加大了中小城市对区域创新差距的贡献程度。此外,降低商品贸易成本会强化高铁对区域创新的影响,不同类型交通基础设施对区域创新呈现出协同作用。研究结论对于高铁网络下提高创新资源配置效率、促进区域协调发展以及在全国统一大市场背景下协同推进区域之间商品和创新要素一体化具有启示意义。

It constructed a new economic geography model including travel time costs and trade costs of goods to explain the mechanism by which high-speed rail promotes knowledge spillover and thereby affects regional innovation disparities,and conducted empirical verification.With trade costs of goods constant,reducing travel time intensifies the spatial concentration of innovation factors,and the regional innovation gap is narrowed due to the knowledge spillover effect of high-speed rail.Empirical results indicate that high-speed rail significantly enhances regional innovation performance,but also widens the innovation gap between cities connected by high-speed rail,making it a major source of overall regional innovation disparities.Regionally,high-speed rail mainly widens the innovation gap within the high-speed rail city group in central and western regions,while in eastern regions,it reduces the contribution of the intra-group innovation gap to the overall disparity;high-speed rail mainly widens the contribution of small and medium-sized cities to the regional innovation gap.Furthermore,reducing the trade costs of goods strengthens the impact of high-speed rail on regional innovation,demonstrating the synergistic effect of different types of transportation infrastructure on regional innovation disparities.It has implications for improving the efficiency of innovation resource allocation under the high-speed rail network,promoting coordinated regional development,and collaboratively advancing the integration of goods and innovation factors between regions in the context of a unified national market.