数字经济与城乡收入差距:基于创新要素流动视角

Digital Economy and the Urban-Rural Income Gap:The Role of Innovation Factor Mobility

缩小城乡收入差距是我国实现共同富裕的重要内容。近年来,随着数字经济的不断发展,数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响已成为各界关注的热点。因此,基于2005—2021年的面板数据,采用固定效应模型探究数字经济对城乡收入差距的直接影响,并基于创新要素流动视角,探究数字经济对城乡收入差距的间接影响。研究表明,数字经济发展使得城乡收入差距呈现先扩大后缩小的倒“U”型,且存在地区和年份异质性。同时,数字经济会通过创新人力要素流动提升缩小城乡收入差距的阈值效应,使倒“U”型拐点右移,也会通过创新资本要素流动削弱城乡收入差距倒“U”型前半段的正向效应和后半段的负向效应,并使拐点向左移。因此,各地区应依据地区特色和优势,制定数字经济发展差异化策略;通过加大对农村企业的研发经费补贴等措施完善R&D资本市场;通过制定向农村地区倾斜的创新人才政策等措施加速R&D人才向农村流动。

Narrowing the urban-rural income gap is crucial for achieving common prosperity.The recent surge of the digital economy has brought the dynamics between urban-rural income gap and the digital economy to the forefront of research.Utilizing panel data from 2005 to 2021,this study employs a fixed-effect model to exam-ine the impact of digital economy on the urban-rural income gap.It further explores the indirect effects of innovation factor mobility on the digital economy and this income disparity.Findings indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the urban-rural income gap,with regional and temporal variations.Nota-bly,the digital economy increases the threshold effect of narrowing the urban-rural income gap via innovation hu-man factor mobility and shifts the inverted U-shaped inflection point to the right.Moreover,the innovation capital factor mobility weakens the positive effect of the digital economy on the urban-rural income gap in the early stages of the inverted U-shaped relationship and its negative effect in the medium-to-long term,thus moving the inflection point to the left.Based on these findings,the paper put forward several suggestions:adopting region-specific digital economy strategies,enhancing R&D funding support for rural enterprises,and developing innovative talent policies that favor rural areas.