中国文化背景下虚拟自杀范式适用性的实证研究:基于大学生样本

An Empirical Study on the Applicability of the Virtual Suicide Paradigm in the Chinese Cultural Context:Based on a Sample of College Students

目的:虚拟自杀范式是一种用于实验室内研究自杀原因的转化方法,本研究旨在探究该方法在中国文化背景下的适用性。方法:选取190名在校大学生作为样本,利用虚拟自杀范式进行实验,并使用自杀意念量表(SIOSS)、人际需求问卷(INQ)、简式Barratt冲动性量表(BBIS)、风险领域特异性量表(DOSPERT)、积极消极情绪量表(PANAS)、贝克自杀意念量表(BSI)、获得性自杀能力—无畏死亡量表(FAD)、简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)—自杀分量表以及自杀可能性量表(SPS)对虚拟自杀范式的安全性和生态效度进行评估。结果:安全性方面:虚拟自杀场景与对照场景暴露后自杀意念、自杀能力及自杀风险水平组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。生态效度方面:(1)虚拟自杀场景的真实感和自杀相关性评分显著大于零(P<0.001),且唤起了比对照场景更高的消极情绪(P<0.001);(2)虚拟自杀选择率为8.33%;(3)虚拟自杀的选择受到自杀意念(OR=9.875)、归属受挫(OR=1.102)、累赘感知(OR=1.154)、冲动性(OR=1.228)和风险倾向(OR=1.043)影响。结论:虚拟自杀范式在安全性和生态效度方面表现出良好的特质,可用于研究国内大学生群体的自杀问题。

Objective:The virtual suicide paradigm is a translational method used in laboratory to study the causes of suicide.This study aims to explore the applicability of this method within the Chinese cultural context.Methods:A sample of 190 college students was selected to conduct an experiment using the virtual suicide paradigm.Several scales and ques⁃tionnaires were used to assessed the safety of the virtual suicide paradigm and the ecological validity of virtual suicidal be⁃havior,including the Suicidal Ideation Scale(SIOSS),Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire(INQ),Brief Barratt Impulsivity Scale(BBIS),Domain Specificity of Risk Scale(DOSPERT),Positive and Negative Emotions Scale(PANAS),Beck Suicidal Ideation Inventory(BSI),Acquired Suicidal Competence-Fearlessness of Dying Scale(FAD),the Brief International Neuro⁃psychiatric Interview(MINI)-Suicide subscale,and the Suicide Possibility Scale(SPS).Results:Safety aspects:There was no significant difference between groups in suicidal ideation,suicidal ability and suicide risk levels after exposure to virtual suicide scenes and control scenes(P>0.05).Ecological validity aspects:(1)The realism and suicide relevance scores of virtu⁃al suicide scenes were significantly greater than 0(P<0.001),and they evoked higher negative emotions than control scenes(P<0.001);(2)The selection rate of virtual suicide behavior was 8.33%;(3)The choice of virtual suicide was affected by sui⁃cidal ideation(OR=9.875),thwarted belongingness(OR=1.102),perceived burdensomeness(OR=1.154),impulsivity(OR=1.228),and risk taking(OR=1.043).Conclusion:The virtual suicide paradigm has demonstrated favorable attributes in terms of safety and ecological validity,making it suitable for studying the issue of suicide among domestic college students.