南京市中小学生生活方式与近视和抑郁症状共患的关系

Relationship between lifestyle and the comorbidity of myopia and depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing

目的探讨南京市中小学生生活方式与近视和抑郁症状共患的关系,为制定有效预防措施提供科学依据。方法于2022年10月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取南京市4个城区和4个郊区9~19岁中小学生作为研究对象,共纳入10498人进行体检,采用学生健康状况及影响因素调查表和抑郁量表进行问卷调查。采用χ^(2)检验进行单因素分析,采用多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生生活方式与近视和抑郁症状共患的关系。结果南京市中小学生筛查性近视和抑郁症状共患率为18.11%。女生共患率高于男生(20.97%,15.47%),住校生共患率高于非住校生(31.31%,16.51%),高中学段高于初中和小学(28.63%,19.10%,7.76%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为53.49,149.31,522.55,P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,曾吸烟(OR=1.51)、曾饮酒(OR=2.36)、昏暗条件下看电子屏幕(OR=2.40)、视屏时间≥2 h/d(OR=1.50)、课后作业时间≥2 h/d(OR=1.48)与筛查性近视和抑郁症状共患的发生均呈正相关;健康饮食(OR=0.67)、课间休息在室外活动(OR=0.80)、睡眠时间充足(OR=0.64)、身体活动达标(OR=0.74)以及户外活动时间≥2 h/d(OR=0.84)与筛查性近视和抑郁症状共患的发生均呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论南京市中小学生的生活方式与筛查性近视和抑郁症状共患相关。学校和家庭应开展相关宣教和干预,促进学生养成良好的生活习惯,预防近视和抑郁症状的发生。

Objective To explore the relationship between lifestyle and myopia and depressive symptoms comorbidity among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing,so as to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention measures.Methods In October 2022,a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select primary and secondary school students aged 9-19 years in 4 urban and 4 suburban districts in Nanjing as the research subjects.A total of 10498 students were included for physical examination and questionnaire survey by using the student health condition and influencing factors questionnaire.Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis,and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between students'lifestyle and the co-occurrence of myopia and depressive symptoms.Results The prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive myopia and depression among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing was 18.11%.The prevalence of comorbidity was higher in girls(20.97%)than in boys(15.47%),higher in boarding students(31.31%)than in non-boarding students(16.51%),and higher in high school students than in middle and primary school students(28.63%,19.10%,7.76%),with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=53.49,149.31,522.55,P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that smoking(OR=1.51),drinking(OR=2.36),looking at electronic screens in dim conditions(OR=2.40),screen time≥2 h/d(OR=1.50),after-school homework time≥2 h/d(OR=1.48)were positively correlated with the prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive myopia and depressive symptoms,healthy diet(OR=0.67),outdoor activities during breaks(OR=0.80),sufficient sleep(OR=0.64),meeting physical activity standards(OR=0.74)and outdoor activity time≥2 h/d(OR=0.84)were negatively correlated with the prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive of myopia and depressive symptoms(P<0.05).Conclusions The lifestyle of primary and secondary school students in Nanjing is related to the comorbidity of myopia and depressive symptoms.Schools and families should carry out relevant education and intervention measures to promote students to develop good living habits and jointly prevent the occurrence of myopia and depressive symptoms.