基于近红外无镉量子点的肿瘤在体成像和治疗

In vivo tumor imaging and therapy based on near-infrared cadmium-free quantum dots

近红外荧光成像技术具有实时快速、高时空分辨率、深组织穿透等突出优势,在肿瘤在体成像和治疗方面显示出巨大应用潜力。Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族量子点具有高亮度、宽激发、易于调节的发射波长,还具有优越的稳定性且不含镉或铅等高毒性重金属元素,使其在生物医学应用领域受到广泛关注。本综述总结了近年来Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族近红外发光量子点的可控合成,及其在肿瘤在体成像治疗应用中的研究进展。首先,介绍了Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族量子点的有机相和水相合成方法,以及对近红外发光性能的调控策略;其次,重点探讨了近红外无镉量子点在生物医学领域的应用,包括肿瘤早期诊断、淋巴成像、药物递送、光热和光动力治疗等;最后,本文展望了未来量子点面向生物医学领域应用的发展方向和面临的挑战,或可为无镉量子点在肿瘤诊疗方面的进一步研究及临床转化提供指导和参考。

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology,which possesses superior advantages including realtime and fast imaging,high spatial and temporal resolution,and deep tissue penetration,shows great potential for tumor imaging in vivo and therapy.I-I-VI quantum dots exhibit high brightness,broad excitation,easily tunable emission wavelength and superior stability,and do not contain highly toxic heavy metal elements such as cadmium or lead.These advantages make I-II-VI quantum dots attract widespread attention in biomedical field.This review summarizes the recent advances in the controlled synthesis of I-II-VI quantum dots and their applications in tumor imaging in vivo and therapy.Firstly,the organic-phase and aqueous-phase synthesis of I-II-VI quantum dots as well as the strategies for regulating the near-infrared photoluminescence are briefly introduced;secondly,representative biomedical applications of near-infrared-emitting cadmium-free quantum dots including early diagnosis of tumor,lymphatic imaging,drug delivery,photothermal and photodynamic therapy are emphatically discussed;lastly,perspectives on the future directions of developing quantum dots for biomedical application and the faced challenges are discussed.This paper may provide guidance and reference for further research and clinical translation of cadmium-free quantum dots in tumor diagnosis and treatment.