摘要
Skillful weather forecasts have the potential to save lives,support emergency management,and mitigate economic and social losses,which capture the public's attention.The present framework of numerical weather prediction(NWP)can trace its origins back to the 1950s,by solving partial differential equations(PDEs)that describe atmospheric motion,to infer future atmospheric states.Such forecasts typically require several hours on a supercomputer with hundreds of nodes for the upcoming days.Among the various numerical models used by operational centers,the Integrated Forecasting System(IFS)from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)stands out for its superior skills in medium-range weather forecasts.The quiet revolution of NwP has also been evaluated by the World Meteorological Organization as one of the most significant scientific,technological and social advances in the twentieth century[1].
基金
the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42288101).
